Abstract
Context: Symptom presentation and recovery after sport concussion (SC) are variable. Empirically based models documenting typical symptom duration would assist health care providers in managing return to play after SC. Objective: To develop a prediction model for SC symptom duration. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university laboratories. Patients or Other Participants: Seventy-six (51 male and 25 female) concussed athletes with an average age of 19.5 ± 1.65 years who were evaluated within 24 hours of diagnosis. Intervention(s): Participants completed the Revised Head Injury Scale (HIS-r), Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), and Sensory Organization Test within 24 hours of SC diagnosis. Main Outcome Measure(s): A stepwise multivariate regression incorporating ImPACT and Sensory Organization Test composites and HIS-r symptom severity-duration was used to predict the number of days athletes reported symptoms after SC. The resulting regression formula was cross-validated using the Stine cross-validation coefficient. Results: The final formula consisted of the HIS-r's selfreported neck pain, drowsiness, tingling, and nervousness duration and ImPACT total symptom severity (R = 0.62, R2 = 39%, R2 adj = 34.2%, P < .001). Approximately 29% (R2 cv = 29%) of the variance associated with total days symptomatic after SC was explained by our preliminary formula when crossvalidated. The current formula correctly identified 76% of participants who recovered within 10 days of injury. Conclusions: Our results suggest that self-reported duration of 4 symptoms during the initial 24 hours after injury along with total symptom severity as measured by ImPACT accounted for a considerable amount of variance associated with days symptomatic after SC in collegiate athletes. Until the formula is cross-validated in a college-aged sample, caution is warranted in using it clinically.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1292-1298 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Journal of Athletic Training |
Volume | 50 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2015 |
Keywords
- Prediction
- Prolonged
- Recovery
- Symptom duration
- Symptom severity
- Traumatic brain injuries
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation