@article{e409a3763ffd44cba79039dcebb02f02,
title = "A Propensity Score Analysis of Homework Adherence-Outcome Relations in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression",
abstract = "Little is known about whether or not a consistently high level of homework adherence over the course of therapy benefits patients. This question was examined in two samples of patients who were receiving individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for depression (Ns = 128 [Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression: STAR-D] and 183 [Continuation Phase Cognitive Therapy Relapse Prevention: C-CT-RP]). Logistic and linear regression and propensity score models were used to identify whether or not clinician assessments of homework adherence differentiated symptom reduction and remission, as assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HDRS-17), the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self-Reported Scale (QIDS-SR), and the QIDS–Clinician Scale (QIDS-C). CBT-related response and remission were equally likely between both high and low homework adherers in both studies and in all models. But in propensity adjusted models that adjusted for session attendance, for both the STAR-D and C-CT-RP samples, greater homework adherence was significantly associated with greater response and remission from depression in the first and last 8 sessions of CBT. Our results suggest that homework adherence can account for response and remission early and late in treatment, with adequate session attendence.",
keywords = "cognitive behavioral therapy, depression, homework adherence, outcome, propensity score analysis",
author = "Callan, {Judith A.} and Nikolaos Kazantzis and Park, {Seo Young} and Moore, {Charity G.} and Thase, {Michael E.} and Abu Minhajuddin and Sander Kornblith and Siegle, {Greg J.}",
note = "Funding Information: Michael Thase reports no potential conflicts of interests associated with this research. He does report earning income as a consultant from the following entities during the past 36 months: Akili Inc., Alkermes, Allergan, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cerecor, Fabre-Kramer Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Gerson Lehman Group, Guidepoint Global, Janssen, H. Lundbeck A/S, MedAvante, Merck and Co., Moksha8, Neuronetics, Inc., Otsuka, Pamlab LLC (Nestle), Pfizer, Roche, Shire US, Inc., Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Takeda. He also receives royalties from American Psychiatric Foundation, Guilford Publications, Herald House, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., LLC. He has received grant funding from the Acadia, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Allergan, AssureRx, Avanir, Axome, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Intracellular, National Institutes of Health, Patient Centered Outcome Research Institute, and Takeda. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Chetachi Emeremni, Ph.D., for statistical support in the early stage of this manuscript. This research was supported by the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR-D) study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT 00021528; Rush et al., 2004); the Continuation Phase Cognitive Therapy Relapse Prevention (C-CT-RP) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00118404, NCT00183664, and NCT00218764; Jarrett & Thase, 2010) and by the National Center For Advancing Translational Sciences of the NIH under Award Number KL2TR000146. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018",
year = "2019",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.beth.2018.05.010",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "50",
pages = "285--299",
journal = "Behavior Therapy",
issn = "0005-7894",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "2",
}