TY - JOUR
T1 - A tale of two stimulants
T2 - Mentholated cigarettes may play a role in cocaine, but not methamphetamine, dependence
AU - Winhusen, Theresa M.
AU - Adinoff, Bryon
AU - Lewis, Daniel F.
AU - Brigham, Gregory S.
AU - Gardin, John G.
AU - Sonne, Susan C.
AU - Theobald, Jeff
AU - Ghitza, Udi
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for this study was provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Clinical Trials Network : U10- DA013732 to University of Cincinnati (Dr. Winhusen); U10-DA020036 to University of Pittsburgh (Dr. Daley), U10-DA013720 to University of Miami School of Medicine (Drs. Szapocznik and Metsch); U10-DA013045 to University of California Los Angeles (Dr. Ling); U10-DA013727 to Medical University of South Carolina (Dr. Brady); U10-DA020024 to University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Dr. Trivedi); U10-DA015815 to University of California San Francisco (Drs. Sorensen and McCarty). The publications committee of the Clinical Trials Network (CTN) gave final approval of the analysis and interpretation of the data and approved the manuscript.
Copyright:
Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2013/12/15
Y1 - 2013/12/15
N2 - Background: Research suggests that mentholated cigarettes may play a role in cocaine dependence. The purpose of the present study was to expand upon the research on mentholated cigarettes and cocaine dependence and to evaluate the role of mentholated cigarettes in methamphetamine dependence. Methods: Secondary analysis of a multisite, randomized trial evaluating the impact of smoking-cessation treatment in stimulant-dependent outpatients (N= 538). Participants' reasons for concurrent use of cigarettes and illicit stimulants were assessed via self-report. Stimulant-abstinence was measured by self-report and urine drug screens. Smoking cessation was assessed via self-report and carbon monoxide levels. Results: Of the 301 cocaine-dependent participants, 201 (67%) were menthol and 100 (33%) were non-menthol cigarette smokers. Cocaine-dependent participants who smoked menthol, compared to non-menthol, cigarettes were significantly more likely to report that cigarettes prolong their cocaine high (X2(1)=16.3, p<.0001, OR=3.58 [95% CI: 1.88-6.79]) and were less likely to be stimulant abstinent during active treatment (W=3.6, p<0.001, d=39 [95% CI: 0.16-0.62]), at 3-month follow-up (X2(1)=14.4, p<0.001, OR=32 [95% CI: 0.17-0.58]), and at 6-month follow-up (X2(1)=4.6, p=0.03, OR=53 [95% CI: 0.29-0.95]). No parallel differences were found between menthol and non-menthol methamphetamine-dependent smokers. The prevalence of Caucasian menthol smokers was significantly greater in the cocaine-dependent participants (37.2%) than in the methamphetamine-dependent participants (17.61%), (X2(1)=14.4, p<.001, OR=2.77 [95% CI:1.62-4.73]). Smoking cessation was not significantly associated with cigarette type for either cocaine- or methamphetamine-dependent participants. Conclusions: The present results suggest that mentholated cigarettes play a role in cocaine, but not methamphetamine, dependence.
AB - Background: Research suggests that mentholated cigarettes may play a role in cocaine dependence. The purpose of the present study was to expand upon the research on mentholated cigarettes and cocaine dependence and to evaluate the role of mentholated cigarettes in methamphetamine dependence. Methods: Secondary analysis of a multisite, randomized trial evaluating the impact of smoking-cessation treatment in stimulant-dependent outpatients (N= 538). Participants' reasons for concurrent use of cigarettes and illicit stimulants were assessed via self-report. Stimulant-abstinence was measured by self-report and urine drug screens. Smoking cessation was assessed via self-report and carbon monoxide levels. Results: Of the 301 cocaine-dependent participants, 201 (67%) were menthol and 100 (33%) were non-menthol cigarette smokers. Cocaine-dependent participants who smoked menthol, compared to non-menthol, cigarettes were significantly more likely to report that cigarettes prolong their cocaine high (X2(1)=16.3, p<.0001, OR=3.58 [95% CI: 1.88-6.79]) and were less likely to be stimulant abstinent during active treatment (W=3.6, p<0.001, d=39 [95% CI: 0.16-0.62]), at 3-month follow-up (X2(1)=14.4, p<0.001, OR=32 [95% CI: 0.17-0.58]), and at 6-month follow-up (X2(1)=4.6, p=0.03, OR=53 [95% CI: 0.29-0.95]). No parallel differences were found between menthol and non-menthol methamphetamine-dependent smokers. The prevalence of Caucasian menthol smokers was significantly greater in the cocaine-dependent participants (37.2%) than in the methamphetamine-dependent participants (17.61%), (X2(1)=14.4, p<.001, OR=2.77 [95% CI:1.62-4.73]). Smoking cessation was not significantly associated with cigarette type for either cocaine- or methamphetamine-dependent participants. Conclusions: The present results suggest that mentholated cigarettes play a role in cocaine, but not methamphetamine, dependence.
KW - Cigarettes
KW - Cocaine dependence
KW - Menthol
KW - Methamphetamine dependence
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U2 - 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.002
DO - 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 24075226
AN - SCOPUS:84888431374
VL - 133
SP - 845
EP - 851
JO - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
JF - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
SN - 0376-8716
IS - 3
ER -