TY - JOUR
T1 - AGA Clinical Practice Update on Interaction Between Oral Direct-Acting Antivirals for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
T2 - Expert Review
AU - Singal, Amit G.
AU - Lim, Joseph K.
AU - Kanwal, Fasiha
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding Dr Singal's research is supported by National Cancer Institute RO1 CA222900 and RO1 CA212008. Dr Kanwal's research is supported by the US Department of Veterans Affairs’ Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (CIN 13-413), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, and the Center for Gastrointestinal Development, Infection, and Injury (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases P30 DK 56338). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the National Institutes of Health. Conflicts of interest The authors disclose the following: Dr Singal has been on advisory boards and served as a consultant for Wako Diagnostics, Roche, Exact Sciences, Glycotest, Bayer, Eisai, BMS, and Exelixis. He was on speakers’ bureau for Gilead, BMS, and Bayer, and received research funding from AbbVie. Dr Lim has received research funding (to Yale University) from AbbVie, Allergan, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Conatus, Genfit, Gilead, and Intercept, and served as a consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr Kanwal has received grant funding from Merck. Funding Dr Singal's research is supported by National Cancer Institute RO1 CA222900 and RO1 CA212008. Dr Kanwal's research is supported by the US Department of Veterans Affairs’ Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (CIN 13-413), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, and the Center for Gastrointestinal Development, Infection, and Injury ( National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases P30 DK 56338). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the National Institutes of Health.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 AGA Institute
PY - 2019/6
Y1 - 2019/6
N2 - Description: The purpose of this clinical practice update is to evaluate the evidence describing the interaction between direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with regard to HCC incidence, HCC recurrence, and DAA efficacy, and to summarize best practice advice regarding HCC surveillance and timing of DAA therapy. Methods: The recommendations outlined in this expert review are based on available published evidence, including observational studies and systematic reviews, and incorporates expert opinion where applicable. Best practice advice 1: DAA treatment is associated with a reduction in the risk of incident HCC. The relative risk reduction is similar in patients with and without cirrhosis. Best practice advice 2: Patients with advanced liver fibrosis (F3) or cirrhosis should receive surveillance imaging before initiating DAA treatment. Best practice advice 3: Patients with advanced liver fibrosis (F3) or cirrhosis at the time of DAA treatment represent the highest-risk group for HCC after DAA-induced sustained virologic response. These patients should stay in HCC surveillance. Best practice advice 4: HCC surveillance should be performed using ultrasound with or without α–fetoprotein every 6 months. Current data do not support shorter surveillance intervals or the use of alternative surveillance modalities. Best practice advice 5: Future studies may show a reduction in HCC risk over time after DAA-induced sustained virologic response. However, in the interim, HCC surveillance should continue indefinitely if patients are otherwise eligible for potentially curative therapy. Best practice advice 6: The presence of active HCC is associated with a small but statistically significant decrease in sustained virologic response with DAA therapy. Best practice advice 7: Patients with HCC who are eligible for potentially curative therapy with liver resection or ablation should defer DAA therapy until after HCC treatment is completed. Best practice advice 8: Timing of DAA therapy for patients with HCC who are listed for liver transplantation should be determined with consideration of median wait times, availability of hepatitis C virus–positive organs, and degree of liver dysfunction. Best practice advice 9: There are insufficient data evaluating benefits and cost-effectiveness of DAA therapy in patients with active intermediate or advanced HCC. Decisions regarding DAA treatment in these patients should be considered in light of HCC tumor burden, degree of liver dysfunction, life expectancy, and patient preferences. Best practice advice 10: There are no conclusive data that DAA therapy is associated with increased or decreased risk, differential time to recurrence, or aggressiveness of recurrent HCC in patients with complete response to HCC therapy. Best practice advice 11: DAA therapy should not be withheld from patients with complete response to HCC therapy; however, DAA therapy can be deferred 4–6 months to confirm response to HCC therapy. Best practice advice 12: Patients with complete response to HCC therapy who are treated with DAAs have a continued risk of HCC recurrence and require HCC surveillance, which should be conducted indefinitely with dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging every 3–6 months. Current data do not support more frequent surveillance in these patients. This Clinical Practice Update was produced by the AGA Institute.
AB - Description: The purpose of this clinical practice update is to evaluate the evidence describing the interaction between direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with regard to HCC incidence, HCC recurrence, and DAA efficacy, and to summarize best practice advice regarding HCC surveillance and timing of DAA therapy. Methods: The recommendations outlined in this expert review are based on available published evidence, including observational studies and systematic reviews, and incorporates expert opinion where applicable. Best practice advice 1: DAA treatment is associated with a reduction in the risk of incident HCC. The relative risk reduction is similar in patients with and without cirrhosis. Best practice advice 2: Patients with advanced liver fibrosis (F3) or cirrhosis should receive surveillance imaging before initiating DAA treatment. Best practice advice 3: Patients with advanced liver fibrosis (F3) or cirrhosis at the time of DAA treatment represent the highest-risk group for HCC after DAA-induced sustained virologic response. These patients should stay in HCC surveillance. Best practice advice 4: HCC surveillance should be performed using ultrasound with or without α–fetoprotein every 6 months. Current data do not support shorter surveillance intervals or the use of alternative surveillance modalities. Best practice advice 5: Future studies may show a reduction in HCC risk over time after DAA-induced sustained virologic response. However, in the interim, HCC surveillance should continue indefinitely if patients are otherwise eligible for potentially curative therapy. Best practice advice 6: The presence of active HCC is associated with a small but statistically significant decrease in sustained virologic response with DAA therapy. Best practice advice 7: Patients with HCC who are eligible for potentially curative therapy with liver resection or ablation should defer DAA therapy until after HCC treatment is completed. Best practice advice 8: Timing of DAA therapy for patients with HCC who are listed for liver transplantation should be determined with consideration of median wait times, availability of hepatitis C virus–positive organs, and degree of liver dysfunction. Best practice advice 9: There are insufficient data evaluating benefits and cost-effectiveness of DAA therapy in patients with active intermediate or advanced HCC. Decisions regarding DAA treatment in these patients should be considered in light of HCC tumor burden, degree of liver dysfunction, life expectancy, and patient preferences. Best practice advice 10: There are no conclusive data that DAA therapy is associated with increased or decreased risk, differential time to recurrence, or aggressiveness of recurrent HCC in patients with complete response to HCC therapy. Best practice advice 11: DAA therapy should not be withheld from patients with complete response to HCC therapy; however, DAA therapy can be deferred 4–6 months to confirm response to HCC therapy. Best practice advice 12: Patients with complete response to HCC therapy who are treated with DAAs have a continued risk of HCC recurrence and require HCC surveillance, which should be conducted indefinitely with dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging every 3–6 months. Current data do not support more frequent surveillance in these patients. This Clinical Practice Update was produced by the AGA Institute.
KW - Direct Acting Antivirals
KW - Hepatitis C
KW - Hepatocellular Carcinoma
KW - Liver Cancer
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065777404&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.02.046
DO - 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.02.046
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30878469
AN - SCOPUS:85065777404
SN - 0016-5085
VL - 156
SP - 2149
EP - 2157
JO - Gastroenterology
JF - Gastroenterology
IS - 8
ER -