AIDS

HIV infection among adolescents is a growing global problem. In this article, we describe the scope and scale of HIV infection among adolescents while simultaneously discussing the structural and developmental risk factors integral to HIV disparities. In order to unravel these risk factors, we use a contextual framework incorporating geography, societal roles, and risk situations. Additionally, we summarize HIV prevention among adolescents who are HIV-negative and -positive and discuss primary and secondary prevention EBI at all levels of intervention, including community, family, and individuals. While there are a myriad of existing EBI for diverse populations, with varying delivery formats and specific targeted outcomes, common factors and elements underlie all successful EBI. We explain how a focus on the robust and common elements of EBI, as well as new delivery formats, may aid in the adoption, adaptation, dissemination, and sustainability of EBIs to more communities and populations. We end the section by discussing how horizontal integration addresses risk factors embedded in the daily experiences of adolescents, families, and communities and can offer a way to reduce HIV stigma, expand testing and treatment, and offer services that will prevent HIV along with other common diseases.