TY - JOUR
T1 - Alzheimer's disease
T2 - Biomarkers in the genome, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid
AU - Huynh, Rose Ann
AU - Mohan, Chandra
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Huynh and Mohan.
PY - 2017/3/20
Y1 - 2017/3/20
N2 - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, resulting in behavioral changes. It is estimated that nearly 36 million are affected globally with numbers reaching 115 million by 2050. AD can only be definitively diagnosed at autopsy since its manifestations of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles throughout the brain cannot yet be fully captured with current imaging technologies. Current AD therapeutics have also been suboptimal. Besides identifying markers that distinguish AD from controls, there has been a recent drive to identify better biomarkers that can predict the rates of cognitive decline and neocortical amyloid burden in those who exhibit preclinical, prodromal, or clinical AD. This review covers biomarkers of three main types: genes, cerebrospinal fluid-derived, and blood-derived biomarkers. Looking ahead, cutting-edge OMICs technologies, including proteomics and metabolomics, ought to be fully tapped in order to mine even better biomarkers for AD that are more predictive.
AB - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, resulting in behavioral changes. It is estimated that nearly 36 million are affected globally with numbers reaching 115 million by 2050. AD can only be definitively diagnosed at autopsy since its manifestations of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles throughout the brain cannot yet be fully captured with current imaging technologies. Current AD therapeutics have also been suboptimal. Besides identifying markers that distinguish AD from controls, there has been a recent drive to identify better biomarkers that can predict the rates of cognitive decline and neocortical amyloid burden in those who exhibit preclinical, prodromal, or clinical AD. This review covers biomarkers of three main types: genes, cerebrospinal fluid-derived, and blood-derived biomarkers. Looking ahead, cutting-edge OMICs technologies, including proteomics and metabolomics, ought to be fully tapped in order to mine even better biomarkers for AD that are more predictive.
KW - Alzheimer's disease
KW - Blood-derived biomarkers
KW - Early detection
KW - Genetic biomarkers
KW - Longitudinal studies
KW - Neurochemical biomarkers
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U2 - 10.3389/fneur.2017.00102
DO - 10.3389/fneur.2017.00102
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28373857
AN - SCOPUS:85016136033
SN - 1664-2295
VL - 8
JO - Frontiers in Neurology
JF - Frontiers in Neurology
IS - MAR
M1 - 102
ER -