Abstract
Complete examination of the ankle should also include the foot and knee. Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most common sports injuries encountered and the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the most common ligament injured. Ankle inversion injuries are much more common than eversion injuries due to weakness of the lateral ligaments compared to the medial deltoid ligaments. Ankle sprains can be graded based on the presence or extent of a ligament tear. Grade 1 includes a stretch or partial ATFL tear, Grade 2 includes a complete ATFL tear with stretch or partial tear of the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and Grade 3 includes complete tears of the ATFL and CFL. Appropriate physical examination and knowledge of special tests can help diagnose and allow proper grading of ankle injuries. Although ankle sprains are mostly thought of as a benign injury, inadequate healing time and rehabilitation can lead to prolonged symptoms and can mask other injuries around the ankle joint such as fractures and tendinopathies.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Pain Medicine |
| Subtitle of host publication | An Essential Review |
| Publisher | Springer International Publishing |
| Pages | 69-71 |
| Number of pages | 3 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9783319431338 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9783319431314 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2017 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Achilles tendon
- Anterior draw test
- Anterior talofibular ligament
- Calcaneofibular ligament
- Kleiger’s test
- Syndesmosis squeeze test
- Talar tilt test
- Thompson’s test
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine