Arterial calcification and bone physiology: Role of the bone-vascular axis

Bithika Thompson, Dwight A. Towler

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

244 Scopus citations

Abstract

Bone never forms without vascular interactions. This simple statement of fact does not adequately reflect the physiological and pharmacological implications of the relationship. The vasculature is the conduit for nutrient exchange between bone and the rest of the body. The vasculature provides the sustentacular niche for development of osteoblast progenitors and is the conduit for egress of bone marrow cell products arising, in turn, from the osteoblast-dependent haematopoietic niche. Importantly, the second most calcified structure in humans after the skeleton is the vasculature. Once considered a passive process of dead and dying cells, vascular calcification has emerged as an actively regulated form of tissue biomineralization. Skeletal morphogens and osteochondrogenic transcription factors are expressed by cells within the vessel wall, which regulates the deposition of vascular calcium. Osteotropic hormones, including parathyroid hormone, regulate both vascular and skeletal mineralization. Cellular, endocrine and metabolic signals that flow bidirectionally between the vasculature and bone are necessary for both bone health and vascular health. Dysmetabolic states including diabetes mellitus, uraemia and hyperlipidaemia perturb the bone-vascular axis, giving rise to devastating vascular and skeletal disease. A detailed understanding of bone-vascular interactions is necessary to address the unmet clinical needs of an increasingly aged and dysmetabolic population.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)529-543
Number of pages15
JournalNature Reviews Endocrinology
Volume8
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2012

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
  • Endocrinology

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