TY - JOUR
T1 - Association among plasma 1,25(OH)2D, ratio of 1,25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D, and prostate cancer aggressiveness
AU - Ramakrishnan, Swathi
AU - Steck, Susan E.
AU - Arab, Lenore
AU - Zhang, Hongmei
AU - Bensen, Jeannette T.
AU - Fontham, Elizabeth T.H.
AU - Johnson, Candace S.
AU - Mohler, James L.
AU - Smith, Gary J.
AU - Su, L. Joseph
AU - Woloszynska, Anna
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors. The Prostate Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - Background: African-American (AA) men tend to present with more aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score >7) than European-American (EA) men. Vitamin D and its metabolites are implicated in prostate cancer biology with vitamin D deficiency, indicated by its metabolite levels in serum or plasma, usually observed in AA men. Objective: To determine if 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D] plasma levels in AA and EA prostate cancer patients alter the risk of having aggressive prostate cancer. Design: Research subjects from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (AA n = 435 and EA n = 532) were included. Plasma metabolites 1,25(OH)2D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrophotometry. Research subjects were classified into low (Gleason sum < 7, stage T1-T2, and Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 9 ng/mL) or high (Gleason sum > 8 or Gleason sum = 7 with 4 + 3, or PSA > 20 ng/mL, or Gleason sum = 7 and stage T3-T4) aggressive disease. Results: Research subjects in the second and third tertiles of plasma levels of 1, 25(OH)2D had lower odds of high aggressive prostate cancer (AA [ORT2vsT1: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.39-1.12; ORT3vsT1: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.49-1.41] and EA [ORT2vsT1: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.41-1.11; ORT3vsT1: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.40-1.11]) compared with the first tertile, though confidence intervals included the null. Greater 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D molar ratios were associated with lower odds of high aggressive prostate cancer more evidently in AA (ORQ4vsQ1: 0.45, CI: 0.24-0.82) than in EA (ORQ4vsQ1: 0.64, CI: 0.35-1.17) research subjects. Conclusions: The 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D molar ratio was associated with decreased risk of high aggressive prostate cancer in AA men, and possibly in EA men. Further studies analyzing vitamin D polymorphisms, vitamin D binding protein levels, and prostatic levels of these metabolites may be useful. These studies may provide a better understanding of the vitamin D pathway and its biological role underlying health disparities in prostate cancer.
AB - Background: African-American (AA) men tend to present with more aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score >7) than European-American (EA) men. Vitamin D and its metabolites are implicated in prostate cancer biology with vitamin D deficiency, indicated by its metabolite levels in serum or plasma, usually observed in AA men. Objective: To determine if 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D] plasma levels in AA and EA prostate cancer patients alter the risk of having aggressive prostate cancer. Design: Research subjects from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (AA n = 435 and EA n = 532) were included. Plasma metabolites 1,25(OH)2D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrophotometry. Research subjects were classified into low (Gleason sum < 7, stage T1-T2, and Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 9 ng/mL) or high (Gleason sum > 8 or Gleason sum = 7 with 4 + 3, or PSA > 20 ng/mL, or Gleason sum = 7 and stage T3-T4) aggressive disease. Results: Research subjects in the second and third tertiles of plasma levels of 1, 25(OH)2D had lower odds of high aggressive prostate cancer (AA [ORT2vsT1: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.39-1.12; ORT3vsT1: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.49-1.41] and EA [ORT2vsT1: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.41-1.11; ORT3vsT1: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.40-1.11]) compared with the first tertile, though confidence intervals included the null. Greater 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D molar ratios were associated with lower odds of high aggressive prostate cancer more evidently in AA (ORQ4vsQ1: 0.45, CI: 0.24-0.82) than in EA (ORQ4vsQ1: 0.64, CI: 0.35-1.17) research subjects. Conclusions: The 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D molar ratio was associated with decreased risk of high aggressive prostate cancer in AA men, and possibly in EA men. Further studies analyzing vitamin D polymorphisms, vitamin D binding protein levels, and prostatic levels of these metabolites may be useful. These studies may provide a better understanding of the vitamin D pathway and its biological role underlying health disparities in prostate cancer.
KW - prostate cancer
KW - racial disparities
KW - vitamin D
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U2 - 10.1002/pros.23824
DO - 10.1002/pros.23824
M3 - Article
C2 - 31077420
AN - SCOPUS:85066407451
SN - 0270-4137
VL - 79
SP - 1117
EP - 1124
JO - Prostate
JF - Prostate
IS - 10
ER -