@article{a7b0a95d5e704ed5beebd1f5f6683106,
title = "Association of glycemia with insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in adults with early type 2 diabetes on metformin alone",
abstract = "Aims: Evaluate the relationship between measures of glycemia with β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in adults with early type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional analysis evaluated baseline data from 3108 adults with T2DM <10 years treated with metformin alone enrolled in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes. A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study. Insulin and C-peptide responses and insulin sensitivity were calculated from 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests. Regression models evaluated the relationships between glycemic measures (HbA1c, fasting and 2-h glucose), measures of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Results: Insulin and C-peptide responses were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity. Glycemic measures were inversely associated with insulin and C-peptide responses adjusted for insulin sensitivity. HbA1c demonstrated modest associations with β-cell function (range: r − 0.22 to −0.35). Fasting and 2-h glucose were associated with early insulin and C-peptide responses (range: r − 0.37 to −0.40) as well as late insulin and total insulin and C-peptide responses (range: r − 0.50 to −0.60). Conclusion: Glycemia is strongly associated with β-cell dysfunction in adults with early T2DM treated with metformin alone. Efforts to improve glycemia should focus on interventions aimed at improving β-cell function. This Trial is registered in Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01794143.",
keywords = "Beta-cell function, Glucose tolerance, Glycemic control, Insulin sensitivity, Type 2 diabetes",
author = "{the GRADE Research Group} and Utzschneider, {Kristina M.} and Naji Younes and Neda Rasouli and Joshua Barzilay and Banerji, {Mary Ann} and Cohen, {Robert M.} and Gonzalez, {Erica V.} and Mather, {Kieren J.} and Faramarz Ismail-Beigi and Philip Raskin and Wexler, {Deborah J.} and Lachin, {John M.} and Kahn, {Steven E.}",
note = "Funding Information: ICMJE statement: All authors affirm that authorship is merited based on the ICMJE authorship criteria. NY is the guarantor of this work and as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. The GRADE Study is supported by a grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U01-DK-098246. The planning of GRADE was supported by a U34 planning grant from the NIDDK (U34-DK-088043). The American Diabetes Association supported the initial planning meeting for the U34 proposal. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also provided funding support. The Department of Veterans Affairs provided resources and facilities. Additional support was provided by grant numbers, P30 DK017047, P30 DK020541, P30 DK020572, P30 DK072476, P30 DK079626, P30 DK092926, U54 GM104940, UL1 TR000439, UL1 TR000445, UL1 TR001108, UL1 TR001409, UL1 TR001449, UL1 TR002243, UL1 TR002345, UL1 TR002378, UL1 TR002489, UL1 TR002529, UL1 TR002535, UL1 TR002537, and UL1 TR002548. Educational materials have been provided by the National Diabetes Education Program. Material support in the form of donated medications and supplies has been provided by Becton, Dickinson and Company, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics, and Sanofi. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The abstract for this manuscript was presented at the American Diabetes Association's 78th Scientific Sessions in Orlando, Florida, June 22-28, 2018. The Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) is being conducted with funding from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). This manuscript is based on the baseline (pre-treatment) data from the 5047 participants enrolled into the study. This baseline data will be archived with the NIDDK data repository and will be available for sharing with other investigators by Q3 of 2020. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",
year = "2021",
month = may,
doi = "10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107912",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "35",
journal = "Journal of Diabetes and its Complications",
issn = "1056-8727",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "5",
}