TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of multiple adiposity exposures and cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause mortality in men
T2 - The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study
AU - Farrell, Stephen W.
AU - Finley, Carrie E.
AU - Jackson, Allen W.
AU - Vega, Gloria L.
AU - Morrow, James R.
PY - 2014/6
Y1 - 2014/6
N2 - Objective: To examine the additive effects of an increased number of positive adiposity exposures on allcause mortality in men before and after stratification by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level. Patients and Methods: A total of 36,836 men underwent a physical examination at the Cooper Clinic from January 1, 1971, through December 31, 2006. Exposures included body mass index, waist circumference, percentage of body fat, and CRF as determined by duration of a maximal exercise test. Participants were identified as being either obese (positive) or nonobese (negative) for each adiposity exposure and then grouped into 4 categories: group 1, negative for all adiposity exposures; group 2, positive for any 1 exposure; group 3, positive for any 2 exposures; and group 4, positive for all exposures. Then CRF was grouped as fit or unfit on the basis of the upper 80% and lower 20% of the agestandardized CRF distribution as previously reported in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Hazard ratios were computed with Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 2294 deaths occurred during a mean ± SD of 15.5±8.1 years of follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratios across adiposity groups were 1.0 (referent), 1.05, 1.37, and 1.87 for groups 1 through 4, respectively (P for trend <.001). Mortality rates were significantly lower within each of the first 3 adiposity groups in fit compared with unfit men (P<.009 for all comparisons). Conclusion: An increasing number of positive adiposity exposures were associated with increased mortality in men. Because moderate to high CRF attenuated mortality rates in all adiposity groups, measurement of CRF should be included for identifying men at increased risk for all-cause mortality.
AB - Objective: To examine the additive effects of an increased number of positive adiposity exposures on allcause mortality in men before and after stratification by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level. Patients and Methods: A total of 36,836 men underwent a physical examination at the Cooper Clinic from January 1, 1971, through December 31, 2006. Exposures included body mass index, waist circumference, percentage of body fat, and CRF as determined by duration of a maximal exercise test. Participants were identified as being either obese (positive) or nonobese (negative) for each adiposity exposure and then grouped into 4 categories: group 1, negative for all adiposity exposures; group 2, positive for any 1 exposure; group 3, positive for any 2 exposures; and group 4, positive for all exposures. Then CRF was grouped as fit or unfit on the basis of the upper 80% and lower 20% of the agestandardized CRF distribution as previously reported in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Hazard ratios were computed with Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 2294 deaths occurred during a mean ± SD of 15.5±8.1 years of follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratios across adiposity groups were 1.0 (referent), 1.05, 1.37, and 1.87 for groups 1 through 4, respectively (P for trend <.001). Mortality rates were significantly lower within each of the first 3 adiposity groups in fit compared with unfit men (P<.009 for all comparisons). Conclusion: An increasing number of positive adiposity exposures were associated with increased mortality in men. Because moderate to high CRF attenuated mortality rates in all adiposity groups, measurement of CRF should be included for identifying men at increased risk for all-cause mortality.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84904730209&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84904730209&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.03.012
DO - 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.03.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 24809758
AN - SCOPUS:84904730209
SN - 0025-6196
VL - 89
SP - 772
EP - 780
JO - Mayo Clinic Proceedings
JF - Mayo Clinic Proceedings
IS - 6
ER -