TY - JOUR
T1 - Beyond Coronary Calcification, Family History, and C-Reactive Protein
T2 - Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction
AU - Mody, Purav
AU - Joshi, Parag H.
AU - Khera, Amit
AU - Ayers, Colby R.
AU - Rohatgi, Anand
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American College of Cardiology Foundation.
PY - 2016/5/31
Y1 - 2016/5/31
N2 - Background Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), which is a key step in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, is independently associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, whether it predicts ASCVD beyond validated novel risk markers is unknown. Objectives This study assessed if CEC improved ACSVD risk prediction beyond using coronary artery calcium (CAC), family history (FH), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Methods CEC, CAC, self-reported FH, and hs-CRP were assessed among participants without baseline ASCVD who were enrolled in the Dallas Heart Study (DHS). ASCVD was defined as a first nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, coronary revascularization, or cardiovascular death, assessed over a median 9.4 years. Risk prediction was assessed using various modeling techniques and improvements in the c-statistic, the integrated discrimination index (IDI), and the net reclassification index (NRI). Results The mean age of the population (N = 1,972) was 45 years, 52% had CAC (>0), 31% had FH, and 58% had elevated hs-CRP (≥2 mg/l). CEC greater than the median was associated with a 50% reduced incidence of ASCVD in those with CAC (5.4% vs. 10.5%; p = 0.003), FH (5.8% vs. 10%; p = 0.05), and elevated hs-CRP (3.8% vs. 7.9%; p = 0.004). CEC improved all metrics of discrimination and reclassification when added to CAC (c-statistic, p = 0.004; IDI, p = 0.02; NRI: 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13 to 0.53), FH (c-statistic, p = 0.006; IDI, p = 0.008; NRI: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.55), or elevated hs-CRP (c-statistic p = 0.008; IDI p = 0.02; NRI: 0.36; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.52). Conclusions CEC improves ASCVD risk prediction beyond using CAC, FH, and hs-CRP and warrants consideration as a novel ASCVD risk marker.
AB - Background Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), which is a key step in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, is independently associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, whether it predicts ASCVD beyond validated novel risk markers is unknown. Objectives This study assessed if CEC improved ACSVD risk prediction beyond using coronary artery calcium (CAC), family history (FH), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Methods CEC, CAC, self-reported FH, and hs-CRP were assessed among participants without baseline ASCVD who were enrolled in the Dallas Heart Study (DHS). ASCVD was defined as a first nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, coronary revascularization, or cardiovascular death, assessed over a median 9.4 years. Risk prediction was assessed using various modeling techniques and improvements in the c-statistic, the integrated discrimination index (IDI), and the net reclassification index (NRI). Results The mean age of the population (N = 1,972) was 45 years, 52% had CAC (>0), 31% had FH, and 58% had elevated hs-CRP (≥2 mg/l). CEC greater than the median was associated with a 50% reduced incidence of ASCVD in those with CAC (5.4% vs. 10.5%; p = 0.003), FH (5.8% vs. 10%; p = 0.05), and elevated hs-CRP (3.8% vs. 7.9%; p = 0.004). CEC improved all metrics of discrimination and reclassification when added to CAC (c-statistic, p = 0.004; IDI, p = 0.02; NRI: 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13 to 0.53), FH (c-statistic, p = 0.006; IDI, p = 0.008; NRI: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.55), or elevated hs-CRP (c-statistic p = 0.008; IDI p = 0.02; NRI: 0.36; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.52). Conclusions CEC improves ASCVD risk prediction beyond using CAC, FH, and hs-CRP and warrants consideration as a novel ASCVD risk marker.
KW - cholesterol efflux capacity
KW - coronary artery calcium
KW - family history
KW - high-density lipoprotein
KW - risk prediction
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.538
DO - 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.538
M3 - Article
C2 - 27230043
AN - SCOPUS:84970004980
SN - 0735-1097
VL - 67
SP - 2480
EP - 2487
JO - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
JF - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
IS - 21
ER -