Beyond Coronary Calcification, Family History, and C-Reactive Protein: Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction

Purav Mody, Parag H. Joshi, Amit Khera, Colby R. Ayers, Anand Rohatgi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

67 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), which is a key step in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, is independently associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, whether it predicts ASCVD beyond validated novel risk markers is unknown. Objectives This study assessed if CEC improved ACSVD risk prediction beyond using coronary artery calcium (CAC), family history (FH), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Methods CEC, CAC, self-reported FH, and hs-CRP were assessed among participants without baseline ASCVD who were enrolled in the Dallas Heart Study (DHS). ASCVD was defined as a first nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, coronary revascularization, or cardiovascular death, assessed over a median 9.4 years. Risk prediction was assessed using various modeling techniques and improvements in the c-statistic, the integrated discrimination index (IDI), and the net reclassification index (NRI). Results The mean age of the population (N = 1,972) was 45 years, 52% had CAC (>0), 31% had FH, and 58% had elevated hs-CRP (≥2 mg/l). CEC greater than the median was associated with a 50% reduced incidence of ASCVD in those with CAC (5.4% vs. 10.5%; p = 0.003), FH (5.8% vs. 10%; p = 0.05), and elevated hs-CRP (3.8% vs. 7.9%; p = 0.004). CEC improved all metrics of discrimination and reclassification when added to CAC (c-statistic, p = 0.004; IDI, p = 0.02; NRI: 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13 to 0.53), FH (c-statistic, p = 0.006; IDI, p = 0.008; NRI: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.55), or elevated hs-CRP (c-statistic p = 0.008; IDI p = 0.02; NRI: 0.36; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.52). Conclusions CEC improves ASCVD risk prediction beyond using CAC, FH, and hs-CRP and warrants consideration as a novel ASCVD risk marker.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2480-2487
Number of pages8
JournalJournal of the American College of Cardiology
Volume67
Issue number21
DOIs
StatePublished - May 31 2016

Keywords

  • cholesterol efflux capacity
  • coronary artery calcium
  • family history
  • high-density lipoprotein
  • risk prediction

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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