TY - JOUR
T1 - Biomarker-Based Assessment for Infectious Risk Before and After Heart Transplantation
AU - Huang, Athena L.
AU - Hendren, Nicholas
AU - Carter, Spencer
AU - Larsen, Christian
AU - Garg, Sonia
AU - La Hoz, Ricardo
AU - Farr, Maryjane
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Purpose of Review: Survival outcomes for heart transplant recipients have improved in recent decades, but infection remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In this review, we discuss several biological markers, or biomarkers, that may be used to monitor immunologic status in this patient population. Recent Findings: While modest, data on the utility of immune biomarkers in heart transplant recipients suggest correlation between low level of immune response and increased infection risk. More novel assays, such as the detection of circulating levels of pathogen cell-free DNA in plasma and the use of Torque teno virus load as a surrogate for net state of immunosuppression, have potential to be additional important biomarkers. Summary: Biomarker approaches to individualize immunosuppression therapy among heart transplant recipients is a promising area of medicine. However, additional studies are needed to inform the optimal protocol in which to incorporate these biomarkers into clinical practice.
AB - Purpose of Review: Survival outcomes for heart transplant recipients have improved in recent decades, but infection remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In this review, we discuss several biological markers, or biomarkers, that may be used to monitor immunologic status in this patient population. Recent Findings: While modest, data on the utility of immune biomarkers in heart transplant recipients suggest correlation between low level of immune response and increased infection risk. More novel assays, such as the detection of circulating levels of pathogen cell-free DNA in plasma and the use of Torque teno virus load as a surrogate for net state of immunosuppression, have potential to be additional important biomarkers. Summary: Biomarker approaches to individualize immunosuppression therapy among heart transplant recipients is a promising area of medicine. However, additional studies are needed to inform the optimal protocol in which to incorporate these biomarkers into clinical practice.
KW - Heart transplantation
KW - Infection
KW - Minimizing immunosuppression
KW - Non-pathogenic biomarkers
KW - Pathogenic biomarkers
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U2 - 10.1007/s11897-022-00556-z
DO - 10.1007/s11897-022-00556-z
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35597863
AN - SCOPUS:85130251551
SN - 1546-9530
VL - 19
SP - 236
EP - 246
JO - Current heart failure reports
JF - Current heart failure reports
IS - 4
ER -