TY - JOUR
T1 - Brain activation by central command during actual and imagined handgrip under hypnosis
AU - Williamson, J. W.
AU - McColl, R.
AU - Mathews, D.
AU - Mitchell, J. H.
AU - Raven, P. B.
AU - Morgan, W. P.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2002
Y1 - 2002
N2 - The purpose was to compare patterns of brain activation during imagined handgrip exercise and identify cerebral cortical structures participating in "central" cardiovascular regulation. Subjects screened for hypnotizability, five with higher (HH) and four with lower hypnotizability (LH) scores, were tested under two conditions involving 3 min of 1) static handgrip exercise (HG) at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 2) imagined HG (I-HG) at 30% MVC. Force (kg), forearm integrated electromyography, rating of perceived exertion, heat rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), and differences in regional cerebral blood flow distributions were compared using an ANOVA. During HG, both groups showed similar increases in HR (+13 ± 5 beats/min) and MBP (+17 ± 3 mmHg) after 3 min. However, during I-HG, only the HH group showed increases in HR (+10 ± 2 beats/min; P < 0.5) and MBP (+12 ± 2 mmHg; P < 0.05). There were no significant increases or differences in force or integrategrated electromyographic activity between groups during I-HG. The rating of perceived exertion was significantly increased for the HH group during I-HG, but not for the LH group. In comparison of regional cerebral blood flow, the LH showed significantly lower activity in the anterior cingulate (-6 ± 2%) and insular cortexes (-9 ± 4%) during I-HG. These findings suggest that cardiovascular responses elicited during imagined exercise involve central activation of insular and anterior cingulate cortexes, independent of muscle afferent feedback; these structures appear to have key roles in the central modulation of cardiovascular responses.
AB - The purpose was to compare patterns of brain activation during imagined handgrip exercise and identify cerebral cortical structures participating in "central" cardiovascular regulation. Subjects screened for hypnotizability, five with higher (HH) and four with lower hypnotizability (LH) scores, were tested under two conditions involving 3 min of 1) static handgrip exercise (HG) at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 2) imagined HG (I-HG) at 30% MVC. Force (kg), forearm integrated electromyography, rating of perceived exertion, heat rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), and differences in regional cerebral blood flow distributions were compared using an ANOVA. During HG, both groups showed similar increases in HR (+13 ± 5 beats/min) and MBP (+17 ± 3 mmHg) after 3 min. However, during I-HG, only the HH group showed increases in HR (+10 ± 2 beats/min; P < 0.5) and MBP (+12 ± 2 mmHg; P < 0.05). There were no significant increases or differences in force or integrategrated electromyographic activity between groups during I-HG. The rating of perceived exertion was significantly increased for the HH group during I-HG, but not for the LH group. In comparison of regional cerebral blood flow, the LH showed significantly lower activity in the anterior cingulate (-6 ± 2%) and insular cortexes (-9 ± 4%) during I-HG. These findings suggest that cardiovascular responses elicited during imagined exercise involve central activation of insular and anterior cingulate cortexes, independent of muscle afferent feedback; these structures appear to have key roles in the central modulation of cardiovascular responses.
KW - Autonomic nervous system
KW - Human
KW - Imagery
KW - Magnetic resonance imaging
KW - Single-photon-emission computed tomography
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U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00939.2001
DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00939.2001
M3 - Article
C2 - 11842073
AN - SCOPUS:0036096126
SN - 8750-7587
VL - 92
SP - 1317
EP - 1324
JO - Journal of applied physiology
JF - Journal of applied physiology
IS - 3
ER -