Brainstem strokes in children: An 11-year series from a tertiary pediatric center

Nancy Rollins, Glen Lee Pride, Patricia A. Plumb, Michael M. Dowling

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

Methods Potential clinical barriers to making a timely diagnosis of pediatric brainstem stroke and pitfalls of noninvasive vascular imaging are presented. Methods An institutional review board-approved institutional database query from 2001-2012 yielded 15 patients with brainstem strokes. Medical records were reviewed for symptoms, stroke severity using the Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and outcomes using the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure. Magnetic resonance angiography was compared with digital subtraction angiography. Results There were 10 boys and five girls; 9 months to 17 years of age (mean 7.83 years). Symptoms were headaches (eight); visual problems (eight), seizure-like activity (seven), motor deficits (six), and decreased level of consciousness in four. Time since last seen well was 12 hours to 5 days. Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 1-34; <10 in eight; 3 in 1, 10-20 in two, and >20 in four. Strokes were pontine in 13/15 and involved >50% of the pons in six and <50% in seven; 2/15 had medullary strokes. Magnetic resonance angiography showed basilar artery occlusion in 8/13 patients and vertebral artery dissection in two. Digital subtraction angiography done within 9-36 hours of magnetic resonance angiography in 10/15 patients confirmed the basilar artery occlusion seen by magnetic resonance angiography and showed vertebral artery dissection in four patients. Patients were systemically anticoagulated without hemorrhagic complications. One patient died. Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measures at 2-36 months is 0-5.0/10 (mean 1.25). Conclusions Vague symptoms contributed to delays in diagnosis. Magnetic resonance angiography was equivalent to digital subtraction angiography for basilar artery occlusion but not for vertebral artery dissection. Even with basilar artery occlusion and high stroke scales, outcome was good when systemic anticoagulation was started promptly.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)458-464
Number of pages7
JournalPediatric Neurology
Volume49
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2013

Keywords

  • arterial dissection
  • brainstem stroke
  • digital subtraction angiography
  • magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
  • outcome
  • pediatric

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
  • Neurology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurology

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