BTKC481S-Mediated resistance to ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Jennifer A. Woyach, Amy S. Ruppert, Daphne Guinn, Amy Lehman, James S. Blachly, Arletta Lozanski, Nyla A. Heerema, Weiqiang Zhao, Joshua Coleman, Daniel Jones, Lynne Abruzzo, Amber Gordon, Rose Mantel, Lisa L. Smith, Samantha McWhorter, Melanie Davis, Tzyy Jye Doong, Fan Ny, Margaret Lucas, Weihong ChaseJeffrey A. Jones, Joseph M. Flynn, Kami Maddocks, Kerry Rogers, Samantha Jaglowski, Leslie A. Andritsos, Farrukh T. Awan, Kristie A. Blum, Michael R. Grever, Gerard Lozanski, Amy J. Johnson, John C. Byrd

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

332 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: Therapeutic targeting of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) with ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia has led to a paradigm shift in therapy, and relapse has been uncommon with current follow-up. Acquired mutations in BTK and PLCG2 can cause relapse, but data regarding the prevalence and natural history of these mutations are limited. Patients and Methods: Patients accrued to four sequential studies of ibrutinib were included in these analyses. Deep sequencing for BTK and PLCG2 was performed retrospectively on patients who experienced relapse and prospectively on a screening population. Results: With a median follow-up time of 3.4 years, the estimated cumulative incidence of progression at 4 years is 19% (95% CI, 14% to 24%). Baseline karyotypic complexity, presence of del(17)(p13.1), and age less than 65 years were risk factors for progression. Among patients who experienced relapse, acquired mutations of BTK or PLCG2 were found in 85% (95% CI, 71% to 94%), and these mutations were detected an estimated median of 9.3 months (95% CI, 7.6 to 11.7 months) before relapse. Of a group of 112 patients examined prospectively, eight patients have experienced relapse, and all of these patients had acquired resistancemutations before relapse. A resistance mutation was detected in an additional eight patients who have not yet met criteria for clinical relapse. Conclusion: Relapse of chronic lymphocytic leukemia after ibrutinib is an issue of increasing clinical significance. We show that mutations in BTK and PLCG2 appear early and have the potential to be used as a biomarker for future relapse, suggesting an opportunity for intervention.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1437-1443
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of Clinical Oncology
Volume35
Issue number13
DOIs
StatePublished - May 1 2017
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

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