Cancer after spinal fusion: The role of bone morphogenetic protein

Shivanand P. Lad, Jacob H. Bagley, Isaac O. Karikari, Ranjith Babu, Beatrice Ugiliweneza, Maiying Kong, Robert E. Isaacs, Carlos A. Bagley, Oren N. Gottfried, Chirag G. Patil, Maxwell Boakye

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

68 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is used in tens of thousands of spinal fusions each year. A trial evaluating a high-dose BMP formulation demonstrated that its use may be associated with an increased risk of cancer. Objective: To evaluate whether BMP, as commonly used today, is associated with an increased risk of cancer or benign tumors. Methods: We performed a retrospective study using the Thomson Reuter MarketScan database. We retained all patients who had no previous diagnosis of cancer or benign tumor and had at least 2 years of uninterrupted enrollment in the database before and after their operations. A propensity score-matched cohort was created to ensure greater covariate balance between treatment groups. Results: Within the propensity score-matched cohort (n = 4698), BMP-exposed patients had a nonsignificant increase in the rate of cancer diagnosis (9.37% vs 7.92%; P = .08). After adjustment for covariates, BMP exposure was associated with a 31% increased risk of benign tumor diagnosis (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.68; P < .05). When the benign tumor diagnoses were stratified by organ type, BMP patients had significantly more diagnoses of benign nervous system tumors (0.81% vs 0.34%; P = .03), and within this group, benign tumors of the spinal meninges were much more common in the BMP-treated group (0.13% vs 0.02%; P = .002). Conclusion: The Results of this large, independent, propensity-matched study suggest that the use of BMP in lumbar fusions is associated with a significantly higher rate of benign neoplasms but not malignancies.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)440-449
Number of pages10
JournalNeurosurgery
Volume73
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2013

Keywords

  • BMP
  • Bone morphogenetic protein
  • Cancer
  • Complication
  • Fusion
  • Pseudarthrosis
  • Spine

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery
  • Clinical Neurology

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Cancer after spinal fusion: The role of bone morphogenetic protein'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this