Carbohydrate-Responsive Element Binding Protein

K. Uyeda, H. Yamashita

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapter

Abstract

The liver is the principal organ responsible for conversion of excess dietary carbohydrate to storage fat. Glucose, a major source of energy in mammals, provides pyruvate, which is either oxidized to generate ATP or converted into triglycerides for storage. The coordinated control of the metabolic pathways that direct the fate of glucose allows for the efficient use of dietary carbohydrate. Key enzymes in these pathways, including pyruvate kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase complex, are regulated by allosteric, post-translational mechanisms that are triggered by increased insulin secretion or nutrient levels. Insulin-induced expression of the steroid response element binding protein (SREBP)-1c, which mediates insulin-dependent activation of lipogenic gene transcription, contributes up to 40% of the triglycerides in liver. The other half of fat synthesis in liver is regulated by the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), which operates independently of insulin. ChREBP induces the expression of liver pyruvate kinase (LPK) gene as well as all the lipogenic enzyme-encoding genes.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationEncyclopedia of Biological Chemistry
Subtitle of host publicationSecond Edition
PublisherElsevier Inc.
Pages374-378
Number of pages5
ISBN (Electronic)9780123786319
ISBN (Print)9780123786302
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 15 2013

Keywords

  • AMP-activated protein kinase
  • CAMP-activated protein kinase
  • Carbohydrate metabolism
  • Carbohydrate responsive element
  • Diabetes
  • Glucose signaling
  • Lipogenesis
  • Liver pyruvate kinase
  • Obesity
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • Protein phosphatase 2A
  • Regulation of fat synthesis
  • Triglycerides synthesis
  • Xylulose-5-phsophate

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

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