Abstract
We have developed an instrumented endoscope grip handle equipped with a six-axis load cell and measured forces and torques during a simulated transgastric natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery appendectomy procedure performed in an EASIE-R ex vivo simulator. The data were collected from ten participating surgeons of varying degrees of expertise which was analyzed to compute a set of six force and torque parameters for each coordinate axis for each of the nine tasks of the appendectomy procedure. The mean push/pull force was found to be 3.64 N (σ = 3.54 N) in the push direction and the mean torque was 3.3 N · mm (σ = 38.6 N · mm) in the counterclockwise direction about the push/pull axis. Most interestingly, the force and torque data about the nondominant x and z axes showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the expert and novice groups for five of the nine tasks. These data may be useful in developing surgical platforms especially new haptic devices and simulation systems for emerging natural orifice procedures.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 6954427 |
Pages (from-to) | 890-899 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering |
Volume | 62 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 1 2015 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Haptic interface
- human factors
- surgery
- virtual reality
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biomedical Engineering