Abstract
The current study aimed to characterize the multifaceted nature of anxiety in patients with major depression by evaluating distinct anxiety factors. We then related these derived anxiety factors to performance on a Flanker Task of cognitive control, in order to further validate these factors. Data were collected from 195 patients with nonpsychotic chronic or recurrent major depression or dysthymic disorder. At baseline, participants completed self-report measures of anxiety, depression, and other related symptoms (mania, suicidality) and clinicians administered a structured diagnostic interview and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, including anxiety/somatization items. Four discrete factors (State Anxiety, Panic, Neuroticism/Worry, and Restlessness/Agitation) emerged, with high degrees of internal consistency. Discriminant and convergent validity analyses also yielded findings in the expected direction. Furthermore, the neuroticism/worry factor was associated with Flanker Task interference, such that individuals higher on neuroticism/worry responded more incorrectly (yet faster) to incongruent vs. congruent trials whereas individuals higher on the fear/panic factor responded more slowly, with no accuracy effect, to the Flanker Task stimuli. These results parse anxiety into four distinct factors that encompass physiological, psychological, and cognitive components of anxiety. While state anxiety, panic and neuroticism/worry are related to existing measures of anxiety, the Restlessness/Agitation factor appears to be a unique measure of general anxious arousal. Furthermore, two factors were independently validated through the Flanker Task. These results suggest that these anxiety domains have distinct behavioral profiles and could have differential responses to distinct treatments.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 207-215 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of Psychiatric Research |
| Volume | 102 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jul 1 2018 |
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Keywords
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Factor analysis
- Flanker Task
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychiatry and Mental health
- Biological Psychiatry
Cite this
Characterizing anxiety subtypes and the relationship to behavioral phenotyping in major depression : Results from the EMBARC study. / Trombello, Joseph M.; Pizzagalli, Diego A.; Weissman, Myrna M.; Grannemann, Bruce D.; Cooper, Crystal M.; Greer, Tracy L.; Malchow, Ashley L.; Jha, Manish K.; Carmody, Thomas J.; Kurian, Benji T.; Webb, Christian A.; Dillon, Daniel G.; McGrath, Patrick J.; Bruder, Gerard; Fava, Maurizio; Parsey, Ramin V.; McInnis, Melvin G.; Adams, Phil; Trivedi, Madhukar H.
In: Journal of Psychiatric Research, Vol. 102, 01.07.2018, p. 207-215.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterizing anxiety subtypes and the relationship to behavioral phenotyping in major depression
T2 - Results from the EMBARC study
AU - Trombello, Joseph M.
AU - Pizzagalli, Diego A.
AU - Weissman, Myrna M.
AU - Grannemann, Bruce D.
AU - Cooper, Crystal M.
AU - Greer, Tracy L.
AU - Malchow, Ashley L.
AU - Jha, Manish K.
AU - Carmody, Thomas J.
AU - Kurian, Benji T.
AU - Webb, Christian A.
AU - Dillon, Daniel G.
AU - McGrath, Patrick J.
AU - Bruder, Gerard
AU - Fava, Maurizio
AU - Parsey, Ramin V.
AU - McInnis, Melvin G.
AU - Adams, Phil
AU - Trivedi, Madhukar H.
PY - 2018/7/1
Y1 - 2018/7/1
N2 - The current study aimed to characterize the multifaceted nature of anxiety in patients with major depression by evaluating distinct anxiety factors. We then related these derived anxiety factors to performance on a Flanker Task of cognitive control, in order to further validate these factors. Data were collected from 195 patients with nonpsychotic chronic or recurrent major depression or dysthymic disorder. At baseline, participants completed self-report measures of anxiety, depression, and other related symptoms (mania, suicidality) and clinicians administered a structured diagnostic interview and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, including anxiety/somatization items. Four discrete factors (State Anxiety, Panic, Neuroticism/Worry, and Restlessness/Agitation) emerged, with high degrees of internal consistency. Discriminant and convergent validity analyses also yielded findings in the expected direction. Furthermore, the neuroticism/worry factor was associated with Flanker Task interference, such that individuals higher on neuroticism/worry responded more incorrectly (yet faster) to incongruent vs. congruent trials whereas individuals higher on the fear/panic factor responded more slowly, with no accuracy effect, to the Flanker Task stimuli. These results parse anxiety into four distinct factors that encompass physiological, psychological, and cognitive components of anxiety. While state anxiety, panic and neuroticism/worry are related to existing measures of anxiety, the Restlessness/Agitation factor appears to be a unique measure of general anxious arousal. Furthermore, two factors were independently validated through the Flanker Task. These results suggest that these anxiety domains have distinct behavioral profiles and could have differential responses to distinct treatments.
AB - The current study aimed to characterize the multifaceted nature of anxiety in patients with major depression by evaluating distinct anxiety factors. We then related these derived anxiety factors to performance on a Flanker Task of cognitive control, in order to further validate these factors. Data were collected from 195 patients with nonpsychotic chronic or recurrent major depression or dysthymic disorder. At baseline, participants completed self-report measures of anxiety, depression, and other related symptoms (mania, suicidality) and clinicians administered a structured diagnostic interview and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, including anxiety/somatization items. Four discrete factors (State Anxiety, Panic, Neuroticism/Worry, and Restlessness/Agitation) emerged, with high degrees of internal consistency. Discriminant and convergent validity analyses also yielded findings in the expected direction. Furthermore, the neuroticism/worry factor was associated with Flanker Task interference, such that individuals higher on neuroticism/worry responded more incorrectly (yet faster) to incongruent vs. congruent trials whereas individuals higher on the fear/panic factor responded more slowly, with no accuracy effect, to the Flanker Task stimuli. These results parse anxiety into four distinct factors that encompass physiological, psychological, and cognitive components of anxiety. While state anxiety, panic and neuroticism/worry are related to existing measures of anxiety, the Restlessness/Agitation factor appears to be a unique measure of general anxious arousal. Furthermore, two factors were independently validated through the Flanker Task. These results suggest that these anxiety domains have distinct behavioral profiles and could have differential responses to distinct treatments.
KW - Anxiety
KW - Depression
KW - Factor analysis
KW - Flanker Task
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85046014135&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85046014135&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.003
DO - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.003
M3 - Article
VL - 102
SP - 207
EP - 215
JO - Journal of Psychiatric Research
JF - Journal of Psychiatric Research
SN - 0022-3956
ER -