TY - JOUR
T1 - Chondrocyte death and cartilage degradation after autologous osteochondral transplantation surgery in a rabbit model
AU - Gulotta, Lawrence V.
AU - Rudzki, Jonas R.
AU - Kovacevic, David
AU - Chen, Christopher C T
AU - Milentijevic, Dejan
AU - Williams, Riley J.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Background: Autologous osteochondral transplantation surgery requires an impact force on the graft that may cause chondrocyte death and matrix degradation. This study attempted to determine the degree to which this occurs in a rabbit model shortly after the procedure. Hypothesis: Impaction of a press-fit autologous osteochondral graft in vivo results in chondrocyte necrosis, apoptosis, and matrix degradation at early time points. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty New Zealand White rabbits underwent unilateral osteochondral transplantation (OT) surgeries, and 10, bilateral sham surgeries. Fifteen animals were sacrificed at time zero (10 sham-0 limbs, 10 OT-0 limbs), and 15, 4 days after surgery (10 sham-4 limbs, 10 OT-4 limbs). Chondrocyte viability/necrosis was determined with cell vital staining. Chondrocyte apoptosis was determined by TUNEL, Bcl-2, and M30 assays. Cartilage matrix degradation was determined by routine light and polarized light microscopy and COL2-3/4Cshort immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed with a 2-way analysis of variance (P <.05). Results: There were significantly fewer viable cells in OT-4 than in sham-4. A similar difference in cell viability was found in OT-0 versus sham-0. There were more TUNEL-positive cells in OT-4 as compared with OT-0, sham-0, and sham-4; however, there was little or no staining of Bcl-2 and M30. Mankin scores were higher in both OT groups versus both sham groups at time zero and day 4. The OT-4 group had positive staining for COL2-3/4Cshort that corresponded with a loss of collagen birefringence at the superficial zone. Conclusion: Osteochondral transplantation procedures performed by tamping a press-fit graft induce chondrocyte necrosis and matrix metalloproteinase-mediated cartilage matrix degradation. However, apoptosis was not found to a major contributor to cell death in this model. Clinical Relevance: Results of osteochondral transplantation procedures may be improved by atraumatic insertion and fixation techniques or by pharmacologic agents that can block these degradative processes.
AB - Background: Autologous osteochondral transplantation surgery requires an impact force on the graft that may cause chondrocyte death and matrix degradation. This study attempted to determine the degree to which this occurs in a rabbit model shortly after the procedure. Hypothesis: Impaction of a press-fit autologous osteochondral graft in vivo results in chondrocyte necrosis, apoptosis, and matrix degradation at early time points. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty New Zealand White rabbits underwent unilateral osteochondral transplantation (OT) surgeries, and 10, bilateral sham surgeries. Fifteen animals were sacrificed at time zero (10 sham-0 limbs, 10 OT-0 limbs), and 15, 4 days after surgery (10 sham-4 limbs, 10 OT-4 limbs). Chondrocyte viability/necrosis was determined with cell vital staining. Chondrocyte apoptosis was determined by TUNEL, Bcl-2, and M30 assays. Cartilage matrix degradation was determined by routine light and polarized light microscopy and COL2-3/4Cshort immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed with a 2-way analysis of variance (P <.05). Results: There were significantly fewer viable cells in OT-4 than in sham-4. A similar difference in cell viability was found in OT-0 versus sham-0. There were more TUNEL-positive cells in OT-4 as compared with OT-0, sham-0, and sham-4; however, there was little or no staining of Bcl-2 and M30. Mankin scores were higher in both OT groups versus both sham groups at time zero and day 4. The OT-4 group had positive staining for COL2-3/4Cshort that corresponded with a loss of collagen birefringence at the superficial zone. Conclusion: Osteochondral transplantation procedures performed by tamping a press-fit graft induce chondrocyte necrosis and matrix metalloproteinase-mediated cartilage matrix degradation. However, apoptosis was not found to a major contributor to cell death in this model. Clinical Relevance: Results of osteochondral transplantation procedures may be improved by atraumatic insertion and fixation techniques or by pharmacologic agents that can block these degradative processes.
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Cartilage degradation
KW - Chondrocyte death
KW - Osteochondral transplantation
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U2 - 10.1177/0363546509333476
DO - 10.1177/0363546509333476
M3 - Article
C2 - 19448050
AN - SCOPUS:70350047015
SN - 0363-5465
VL - 37
SP - 1324
EP - 1333
JO - American Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - American Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 7
ER -