TY - JOUR
T1 - Contribution of adipogenesis to healthy adipose tissue expansion in obesity
AU - Vishvanath, Lavanya
AU - Gupta, Rana K.
N1 - Funding Information:
We apologize to our colleagues in the field for not being able to discuss all of the outstanding primary studies related to the topics discussed here. We thank members of the Touchstone Diabetes Center at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center for useful discussion. RKG is supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grants R01 DK104789 and R01 DK119163.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, American Society for Clinical Investigation.
PY - 2019/10/1
Y1 - 2019/10/1
N2 - The manner in which white adipose tissue (WAT) expands and remodels directly impacts the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in obesity. Preferential accumulation of visceral WAT is associated with increased risk for insulin resistance, whereas subcutaneous WAT expansion is protective. Moreover, pathologic WAT remodeling, typically characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, is associated with insulin resistance. Healthy WAT expansion, observed in the "metabolically healthy" obese, is generally associated with the presence of smaller and more numerous adipocytes, along with lower degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we highlight recent human and rodent studies that support the notion that the ability to recruit new fat cells through adipogenesis is a critical determinant of healthy adipose tissue distribution and remodeling in obesity. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the identity of tissue-resident progenitor populations in WAT made possible through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. A better understanding of adipose stem cell biology and adipogenesis may lead to novel strategies to uncouple obesity from metabolic disease.
AB - The manner in which white adipose tissue (WAT) expands and remodels directly impacts the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in obesity. Preferential accumulation of visceral WAT is associated with increased risk for insulin resistance, whereas subcutaneous WAT expansion is protective. Moreover, pathologic WAT remodeling, typically characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, is associated with insulin resistance. Healthy WAT expansion, observed in the "metabolically healthy" obese, is generally associated with the presence of smaller and more numerous adipocytes, along with lower degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we highlight recent human and rodent studies that support the notion that the ability to recruit new fat cells through adipogenesis is a critical determinant of healthy adipose tissue distribution and remodeling in obesity. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the identity of tissue-resident progenitor populations in WAT made possible through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. A better understanding of adipose stem cell biology and adipogenesis may lead to novel strategies to uncouple obesity from metabolic disease.
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U2 - 10.1172/JCI129191
DO - 10.1172/JCI129191
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31573549
AN - SCOPUS:85072775379
SN - 0021-9738
VL - 129
SP - 4022
EP - 4031
JO - Journal of Clinical Investigation
JF - Journal of Clinical Investigation
IS - 10
ER -