Crystal structure of hemoprotein domain of P450BM-3, a prototype for microsomal P450's

Cytochrome P450BM-3, a bacterial fatty acid monooxygenase, resembles the eukaryotic microsomal P450's and their flavoprotein reductase in primary structure and function. The three-dimensional structure of the hemoprotein domain of P450BM-3 was determined by x-ray diffraction and refined to an R factor of 16.9 percent at 2.0 angstrom resolution. The structure consists of an a and a β domain. The active site heme is accessible through a long hydrophobic channel formed primarily by the β domain and the B′ and F helices of the α domain. The two molecules in the asymmetric unit differ in conformation around the substrate binding pocket. Substantial differences between P450BM-3 and P450cam, the only other P450 structure available, are observed around the substrate binding pocket and the regions important for redox partner binding. A general mechanism for proton transfer in P450's is also proposed.