Decreased PGC-1α Post-Cardiopulmonary Bypass Leads to Impaired Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Patients

Eitezaz Mahmood, Jelliffe Jeganathan, Ruby Feng, Maria Saraf, Kamal Khabbaz, Faraz Mahmood, Senthilnathan Venkatachalam, David Liu, Louis Chu, Samir M. Parikh, Robina Matyal

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: The mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients with diabetes mellitus lacks understanding. We hypothesized that impaired beta-oxidation of fatty acids leads to worsened stress response in this patient population after cardiac surgery. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, right atrial tissue samples were collected from 35 diabetic patients and 33 nondiabetic patients before and after CPB. Patients with glycated hemoglobin of 6.0 or greater and a clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were considered to be diabetic. Immunoblotting and microarray analysis were performed to assess protein and gene expression changes. Blots were quantified with ImageJ and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with multiple Student's t test comparisons after normalization. All p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Immunohistochemistry was performed for cellular lipid deposition assessment. Results: Diabetic patients had significantly lower levels of PGC-1α before and after CPB (p < 0.01 for both) compared with nondiabetic patients. Several upstream regulators of PGC-1α (SIRT1 and CREB) were significantly higher in nondiabetic patients before CPB (p = 0.01 and 0.0018, respectively). Antioxidant markers (NOX4 and GPX4), angiogenic factors (TGF-β, NT3, and Ang1), and the antiapoptotic factor BCL-xL were significantly lower in diabetic patients after CPB (p < 0.05). The expression of genes supporting mitochondrial energy production (CREB5 and SLC25A40) and angiogenic genes (p < 0.05) was significantly downregulated in diabetic patients after CPB. Immunohistochemistry results showed significantly increased lipid deposition in diabetic myocardial tissue. Conclusions: Decreased PGC-1α in diabetic patients may lead to impaired mitochondrial function and attenuated antiapoptotic and angiogenic responses after CPB. Therefore, PGC-1α and upstream regulators could serve as a target for improving beta-oxidation in diabetic patients.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)467-476
Number of pages10
JournalAnnals of Thoracic Surgery
Volume107
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 2019
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery
  • Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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