TY - JOUR
T1 - Developing New Treatment Options for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Recurrent Disease
AU - Wang, Bo Ren
AU - Chen, Yu An
AU - Kao, Wei Hsiang
AU - Lai, Chih Ho
AU - Lin, Ho
AU - Hsieh, Jer Tsong
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by Fellowship program of Ministry of National Defense-Medical Affairs Bureau in Taiwan (to B.-R.W.) and the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (MOST108-2911-I-005-509 and MOST 110-2926-I-005-502 to H.L.).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major diagnosed cancer among men globally, and about 20% of patients develop metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) in the initial diagnosis. PCa is a typical androgen-dependent disease; thus, hormonal therapy is commonly used as a standard care for mPCa by inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) activities, or androgen metabolism. Inevitably, almost all PCa will acquire resistance and become castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) that is associated with AR gene mutations or amplification, the presence of AR variants, loss of AR expression toward neuroendocrine phenotype, or other hormonal receptors. Treating CRPC poses a great challenge to clinicians. Research efforts in the last decade have come up with several new anti-androgen agents to prolong overall survival of CRPC patients. In addition, many potential targeting agents have been at the stage of being able to translate many preclinical discoveries into clinical practices. At this juncture, it is important to highlight the emerging strategies including small-molecule inhibitors to AR variants, DNA repair enzymes, cell survival pathway, neuroendocrine differentiation pathway, radiotherapy, CRPC-specific theranostics and immune therapy that are underway or have recently been completed.
AB - Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major diagnosed cancer among men globally, and about 20% of patients develop metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) in the initial diagnosis. PCa is a typical androgen-dependent disease; thus, hormonal therapy is commonly used as a standard care for mPCa by inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) activities, or androgen metabolism. Inevitably, almost all PCa will acquire resistance and become castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) that is associated with AR gene mutations or amplification, the presence of AR variants, loss of AR expression toward neuroendocrine phenotype, or other hormonal receptors. Treating CRPC poses a great challenge to clinicians. Research efforts in the last decade have come up with several new anti-androgen agents to prolong overall survival of CRPC patients. In addition, many potential targeting agents have been at the stage of being able to translate many preclinical discoveries into clinical practices. At this juncture, it is important to highlight the emerging strategies including small-molecule inhibitors to AR variants, DNA repair enzymes, cell survival pathway, neuroendocrine differentiation pathway, radiotherapy, CRPC-specific theranostics and immune therapy that are underway or have recently been completed.
KW - castration-resistant prostate cancer
KW - precision medicine
KW - recurrent therapy and castration-resistant prostate cancer
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137340915&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85137340915&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/biomedicines10081872
DO - 10.3390/biomedicines10081872
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36009418
AN - SCOPUS:85137340915
SN - 2227-9059
VL - 10
JO - Biomedicines
JF - Biomedicines
IS - 8
M1 - 1872
ER -