Diagnosis and management of acute urinary tract infections in infants and children

Management of infants and children with acute UTI must be undertaken with three major goals in mind: (1) the diagnosis should be properly documented to avoid unnecessary radiologic studies and follow-up; (2) the structural status of the urinary tract must be delineated by radiologic techniques in infancy or early childhood as a basis for formulating long term management; (3) children with structural abnormalities of the urinary system with or without recurrent bacteriuria must be followed up for many years and care in some of those school girls is best accomplished in concert with a pediatric nephrologist or pediatric urologist.