TY - JOUR
T1 - Differential heart rate response to magnetic seizure therapy (MST) relative to electroconvulsive therapy
T2 - A nonhuman primate model
AU - Rowny, Stefan B.
AU - Cycowicz, Yael M.
AU - McClintock, Shawn M.
AU - Truesdale, Matthew D.
AU - Luber, Bruce
AU - Lisanby, Sarah H.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by NIH R01 MH60884. The authors appreciate the help of Mr. Niko Reyes who assisted with the experimental procedures.
PY - 2009/9
Y1 - 2009/9
N2 - Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression; however, the induced therapeutic seizure acts on the autonomic nervous system and results in significant cardiac effects. This is an important consideration particularly in the elderly. Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is in development as a less invasive alternative, but its effects on cardiac function have not been studied. We sought to model those effects in nonhuman primates to inform the development of safer neurostimulation interventions. Twenty four rhesus monkeys were randomly assigned to receive 6 weeks of daily treatment with electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS), magnetic seizure therapy (MST) or anesthesia-alone sham. Digitally acquired ECG and an automated R-wave and inter-R interval (IRI) sampling were used to measure intervention effects on heart rate (HR). Significant differences between experimental conditions were found in the HR as evidenced by changes in the immediate post-stimulus, ictal and postictal epochs. Immediate post-stimulus bradycardia was seen with ECS but not with MST. ECS induced significantly more tachycardia than MST or sham in both the ictal and postictal periods. MST resulted in a small, but statistically significant increase in HR during the postictal period relative to baseline. HR was found to increase by 25% and 8% in the ECS and MST conditions, respectively. MST resulted in significantly less marked sympathetic and parasympathetic response than did ECS. This differential physiological response is consistent with MST having a more superficial cortical site of action with less impact on deeper brain structures implicated in cardiac control relative to ECT. The clinical relevance of the topographical seizure spread of MST and its associated effects on the autonomic nervous system remain to be determined in human clinical trials.
AB - Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression; however, the induced therapeutic seizure acts on the autonomic nervous system and results in significant cardiac effects. This is an important consideration particularly in the elderly. Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is in development as a less invasive alternative, but its effects on cardiac function have not been studied. We sought to model those effects in nonhuman primates to inform the development of safer neurostimulation interventions. Twenty four rhesus monkeys were randomly assigned to receive 6 weeks of daily treatment with electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS), magnetic seizure therapy (MST) or anesthesia-alone sham. Digitally acquired ECG and an automated R-wave and inter-R interval (IRI) sampling were used to measure intervention effects on heart rate (HR). Significant differences between experimental conditions were found in the HR as evidenced by changes in the immediate post-stimulus, ictal and postictal epochs. Immediate post-stimulus bradycardia was seen with ECS but not with MST. ECS induced significantly more tachycardia than MST or sham in both the ictal and postictal periods. MST resulted in a small, but statistically significant increase in HR during the postictal period relative to baseline. HR was found to increase by 25% and 8% in the ECS and MST conditions, respectively. MST resulted in significantly less marked sympathetic and parasympathetic response than did ECS. This differential physiological response is consistent with MST having a more superficial cortical site of action with less impact on deeper brain structures implicated in cardiac control relative to ECT. The clinical relevance of the topographical seizure spread of MST and its associated effects on the autonomic nervous system remain to be determined in human clinical trials.
KW - Arrhythmia
KW - Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
KW - Magnetic seizure therapy (MST)
KW - Sympathetic outflow
KW - Tachycardia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67651051866&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=67651051866&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.070
DO - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.070
M3 - Article
C2 - 19497373
AN - SCOPUS:67651051866
SN - 1053-8119
VL - 47
SP - 1086
EP - 1091
JO - NeuroImage
JF - NeuroImage
IS - 3
ER -