TY - JOUR
T1 - Distance to the Neurovascular Bundle for Iliotibial Band Graft Passage During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
T2 - A Pediatric Cadaveric Study
AU - Thomas, Nicholas D.
AU - Ayala, Salvador
AU - Rohde, Matthew
AU - Gupta, Anshal
AU - Sanchez, Mark
AU - Ellis, Henry
AU - Tompkins, Marc
AU - Wilson, Phil
AU - Sherman, Seth
AU - Green, Daniel
AU - Ganley, Theodore J.
AU - VandenBerg, Curtis
AU - Yen, Yi Meng
AU - Shea, Kevin G.
N1 - Funding Information:
One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: H.E. has received education payments from Pylant Medical and speaking fees from Smith & Nephew. M.T. has received grant support from DJO and hospitality payments from Aesculap. P.W. has received education payments from Pylant Medical. S.S. has received grant support from DJO; education payments from Elite Orthopaedics and Evolution Surgical; consulting fees from Bioventus, JRF Ortho, Flexion Therapeutics, Olympus Americas, Smith & Nephew, and Vericel; speaking fees from Arthrex, ConMed Linvatec, Smith & Nephew, Synthes, and Vericel; honoraria from Flexion Therapeutics, JRF Ortho, and Vericel; and royalties from ConMed Linvatec. D.G. has received speaking fees from Arthrex and Synthes and royalties from Arthrex. T.J.G. has received education payments from Arthrex and is a paid associate editor for The American Journal of Sports Medicine. C.V. has received education payments from Arthrex and hospitality payments from Smith & Nephew. K.G.S. has received education payments from Evolution Surgical and hospitality payments from Arthrex. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2022.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Background: The Micheli technique for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) has proven to be a reliable method with a minimal risk for growth disturbance among skeletally immature patients. Purposes: To evaluate the Micheli technique of iliotibial band (ITB) graft passage for ACLR using cadaveric knee models and to measure the distance between the surgical instrument tip and the neurovascular bundle in the posterior knee joint: specifically, the peroneal nerve, tibial nerve, and popliteal artery. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Gross dissection was performed on 17 pediatric cadaveric knees (12 male and 5 female) aged between 4 and 12 years. To simulate ITB graft passage, we passed a curved-tip hemostat clamp through the posterior capsule, with the knee flexed from 90° to 100°. Next, clinical photographs were taken, and digital imaging software was used to measure the distance in centimeters from the clamp tip to each respective neurovascular structure. Results: The mean distances from the clamp tip to the tibial nerve, popliteal artery, and peroneal nerve were 0.875 cm (range, 0.468-1.737 cm), 0.968 cm (range, 0.312-1.819 cm), and 1.149 cm (range, 0.202-2.409 cm), respectively. Mean values were further calculated for age groups of ≤8, 9-10, and 11-12 years. The mean distance from the clamp tip to the peroneal nerve was 1.400 cm larger for 11- to 12-year-old specimens than for ≤8-year-old specimens (95% CI, 0.6-2.2 cm; P =.005). Conclusion: The neurovascular structures in the posterior knee were in close proximity to the path of graft passage, with distances <1 cm in many specimens in this study. When passing the graft through the knee for an over-the-top position, surgeons should consider these small distances between the path of graft passage and critical neurovascular structures. Clinical Relevance: As the incidence of ACL tears is continuously increasing within the pediatric population, there are a larger number of ACLR procedures being performed. Although neurovascular injuries during ACLR are rare, this study clarifies the close proximity of neurovascular structures during ITB graft passage using the Micheli technique of ACLR.
AB - Background: The Micheli technique for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) has proven to be a reliable method with a minimal risk for growth disturbance among skeletally immature patients. Purposes: To evaluate the Micheli technique of iliotibial band (ITB) graft passage for ACLR using cadaveric knee models and to measure the distance between the surgical instrument tip and the neurovascular bundle in the posterior knee joint: specifically, the peroneal nerve, tibial nerve, and popliteal artery. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Gross dissection was performed on 17 pediatric cadaveric knees (12 male and 5 female) aged between 4 and 12 years. To simulate ITB graft passage, we passed a curved-tip hemostat clamp through the posterior capsule, with the knee flexed from 90° to 100°. Next, clinical photographs were taken, and digital imaging software was used to measure the distance in centimeters from the clamp tip to each respective neurovascular structure. Results: The mean distances from the clamp tip to the tibial nerve, popliteal artery, and peroneal nerve were 0.875 cm (range, 0.468-1.737 cm), 0.968 cm (range, 0.312-1.819 cm), and 1.149 cm (range, 0.202-2.409 cm), respectively. Mean values were further calculated for age groups of ≤8, 9-10, and 11-12 years. The mean distance from the clamp tip to the peroneal nerve was 1.400 cm larger for 11- to 12-year-old specimens than for ≤8-year-old specimens (95% CI, 0.6-2.2 cm; P =.005). Conclusion: The neurovascular structures in the posterior knee were in close proximity to the path of graft passage, with distances <1 cm in many specimens in this study. When passing the graft through the knee for an over-the-top position, surgeons should consider these small distances between the path of graft passage and critical neurovascular structures. Clinical Relevance: As the incidence of ACL tears is continuously increasing within the pediatric population, there are a larger number of ACLR procedures being performed. Although neurovascular injuries during ACLR are rare, this study clarifies the close proximity of neurovascular structures during ITB graft passage using the Micheli technique of ACLR.
KW - ACL reconstruction
KW - Micheli
KW - cadaveric study
KW - iliotibial band
KW - pediatric ACL
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U2 - 10.1177/23259671221113832
DO - 10.1177/23259671221113832
M3 - Article
C2 - 35990874
AN - SCOPUS:85136228806
SN - 2325-9671
VL - 10
JO - Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 8
ER -