@article{dd12719fb91347acad72effc9bea3997,
title = "Dynamic Stimulation of Visual Cortex Produces Form Vision in Sighted and Blind Humans",
abstract = "Dynamic stimulation of visual cortex allows both sighted and blind subjects to recognize a variety of letter shapes without training and with high accuracy.",
keywords = "blind, brain, dynamic, electrical, electrodes, human, phosphene, prosthetic, stimulation, visual",
author = "Beauchamp, {Michael S.} and Denise Oswalt and Ping Sun and Foster, {Brett L.} and Magnotti, {John F.} and Soroush Niketeghad and Nader Pouratian and Bosking, {William H.} and Daniel Yoshor",
note = "Funding Information: W.H.B., N.P., and D.Y. receive research funding from Second Sight Medical Products, a manufacturer of visual cortical prosthetics. N.P. is also a consultant to Second Sight. A provisional patent application describing dynamic current steering (serial no. 62/638,365) was filed with the US Patent and Trademark Office on March 5, 2018, entitled “Systems and Computer-Implemented Methods of Conveying a Visual Image to a Blind Subject Fitted with a Visual Prosthesis.” Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the immense effort invested in the research by the participants and the assistance of Second Sight Medical Products. This work was supported by NIH R01EY023336, UH3NS103442, R01NS065395, and R01MH116914. Conceptualization, M.S.B. W.H.B. and D.Y.; Formal Analysis, M.S.B. D.O. P.S. B.L.F. J.F.M. and W.H.B.; Investigation, M.S.B. D.O. P.S. B.L.F. S.N. N.P. W.H.B. and D.Y.; Writing ? Original Draft, M.S.B. B.L.F. W.H.B. and D.Y.; Writing ? Review & Editing, M.S.B. D.O. B.L.F. J.F.M. W.H.B. and D.Y.; Visualization, M.S.B. D.O. P.S. B.L.F. J.F.M. and W.H.B.; Funding Acquisition, M.S.B. N.P. W.H.B. and D.Y.; Resources, S.N. and N.P.; Supervision, M.S.B. W.H.B. and D.Y. W.H.B. N.P. and D.Y. receive research funding from Second Sight Medical Products, a manufacturer of visual cortical prosthetics. N.P. is also a consultant to Second Sight. A provisional patent application describing dynamic current steering (serial no. 62/638,365) was filed with the US Patent and Trademark Office on March 5, 2018, entitled ?Systems and Computer-Implemented Methods of Conveying a Visual Image to a Blind Subject Fitted with a Visual Prosthesis.? Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the immense effort invested in the research by the participants and the assistance of Second Sight Medical Products. This work was supported by NIH R01EY023336 , UH3NS103442 , R01NS065395 , and R01MH116914 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020",
year = "2020",
month = may,
day = "14",
doi = "10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.033",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "181",
pages = "774--783.e5",
journal = "Cell",
issn = "0092-8674",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "4",
}