TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of acute and chronic xenon inhalation on erythropoietin, hematological parameters, and athletic performance
AU - Dias, Katrin A.
AU - Lawley, Justin S.
AU - Gatterer, Hannes
AU - Howden, Erin J.
AU - Sarma, Satyam
AU - Cornwell, William K.
AU - Hearon, Christopher M.
AU - Samels, Mitchel
AU - Everding, Braden
AU - Liang, Allan Shuo Wen
AU - Hendrix, Max
AU - Piper, Thomas
AU - Thevis, Mario
AU - Bruick, Richard K
AU - Levine, Benjamin D.
N1 - Funding Information:
1Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Dallas, Dallas, Texas; 2University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; 3Department of Sports Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 4Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy; 5Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 6University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; 7National Defense Medical Center, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; and 8German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Biochemistry/Centre for Preventive Doping Research, Cologne, Germany
Funding Information:
This study was supported, in part, by funding from the Partnership for Clean Competition Research Collaborative Award 343433 R114.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 the American Physiological Society.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - This study aimed to assess the efficacy of acute subanesthetic dosages of xenon inhalation to cause erythropoiesis and determine the effect of chronic xenon dosing on hematological parameters and athletic performance. To assess the acute effects, seven subjects breathed three subanesthetic concentrations of xenon: 30% fraction of inspired xenon (FIXe) for 20 min, 50% FIXe for 5 min, and 70% FIXe for 2 min. Erythropoietin (EPO) was measured at baseline, during, and after xenon inhalation. To determine the chronic effects, eight subjects breathed 70% FIXe for 2 min on 7 consecutive days, and EPO, total blood, and plasma volume were measured. Phase II involved assessment of 12 subjects for EPO, total blood volume, maximal oxygen uptake, and 3-km time before and after random assignment to 4 wk of xenon or sham gas inhalation. FIXe 50% and 70% stimulated an increase in EPO at 6 h [+2.3 mIU/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-4.5; P = 0.038] and at 192 h postinhalation (+2.9 mIU/mL; 95% CI 0.6-5.1; P = 0.017), respectively. Seven consecutive days of dosing significantly elevated plasma volume (+491 mL; 95% CI 194-789; P = 0.002). Phase II showed no significant effect on EPO, hemoglobin mass, plasma volume, maximal oxygen uptake, or 3-km time. Acute exposure to subanesthetic doses of xenon caused a consistent increase in EPO, and 7 consecutive days of xenon inhalation significantly expanded plasma volume. However, this physiological response appeared to be transient, and 4 wk of xenon inhalation did not stimulate increases in plasma volume or erythropoiesis, leaving cardiorespiratory fitness and athletic performance unchanged. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine each element of the cascade by which xenon inhalation is purported to take effect, starting with measurement of the hypoxia-inducible factor effector, erythropoietin, to hemoglobin mass and blood volume and athletic performance. We found that acute exposure to xenon increased serum erythropoietin concentration, although major markers of erythropoiesis remained unchanged. While daily dosing significantly expanded plasma volume, no physiological or performance benefits were apparent following 4 wk of dosing.
AB - This study aimed to assess the efficacy of acute subanesthetic dosages of xenon inhalation to cause erythropoiesis and determine the effect of chronic xenon dosing on hematological parameters and athletic performance. To assess the acute effects, seven subjects breathed three subanesthetic concentrations of xenon: 30% fraction of inspired xenon (FIXe) for 20 min, 50% FIXe for 5 min, and 70% FIXe for 2 min. Erythropoietin (EPO) was measured at baseline, during, and after xenon inhalation. To determine the chronic effects, eight subjects breathed 70% FIXe for 2 min on 7 consecutive days, and EPO, total blood, and plasma volume were measured. Phase II involved assessment of 12 subjects for EPO, total blood volume, maximal oxygen uptake, and 3-km time before and after random assignment to 4 wk of xenon or sham gas inhalation. FIXe 50% and 70% stimulated an increase in EPO at 6 h [+2.3 mIU/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-4.5; P = 0.038] and at 192 h postinhalation (+2.9 mIU/mL; 95% CI 0.6-5.1; P = 0.017), respectively. Seven consecutive days of dosing significantly elevated plasma volume (+491 mL; 95% CI 194-789; P = 0.002). Phase II showed no significant effect on EPO, hemoglobin mass, plasma volume, maximal oxygen uptake, or 3-km time. Acute exposure to subanesthetic doses of xenon caused a consistent increase in EPO, and 7 consecutive days of xenon inhalation significantly expanded plasma volume. However, this physiological response appeared to be transient, and 4 wk of xenon inhalation did not stimulate increases in plasma volume or erythropoiesis, leaving cardiorespiratory fitness and athletic performance unchanged. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine each element of the cascade by which xenon inhalation is purported to take effect, starting with measurement of the hypoxia-inducible factor effector, erythropoietin, to hemoglobin mass and blood volume and athletic performance. We found that acute exposure to xenon increased serum erythropoietin concentration, although major markers of erythropoiesis remained unchanged. While daily dosing significantly expanded plasma volume, no physiological or performance benefits were apparent following 4 wk of dosing.
KW - Athletic performance
KW - Cardiorespiratory fitness
KW - Erythropoiesis
KW - Hemoglobin mass
KW - Xenon
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U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00289.2019
DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00289.2019
M3 - Article
C2 - 31414957
AN - SCOPUS:85075814448
SN - 8750-7587
VL - 127
SP - 1503
EP - 1510
JO - Journal of applied physiology
JF - Journal of applied physiology
IS - 6
ER -