Effects of antihypertensive therapy on insulin resistance

In view of the likely prohypertensive effects of hyperinsulinemia and the presence of insulin resistance in primary hypertension, the effects of various antihypertensive therapies on insulin sensitivity need to be identified. The evidence strongly supports major beneficial effects of weight reduction and aerobic exercise. Deleterious effects have been shown for diuretics and most β-blockers, whereas probable beneficial effects have been seen with α-blockers, one angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and various calcium entry blockers. Improvement of insulin sensitivity and reduction of plasma insulin levels are desirable attributes of antihypertensive therapy that should be more carefully considered in the future.