Effects of glucose ingestion on postprandial lipemia and triglyceride clearance in humans

To determine whether the metabolism of diet-derived triglycerides (TG) is acutely regulated by the consumption of insulinogenic carbohydrates, we measured the effects of glucose ingestion on oral and intravenous fat tolerance, and on serum triglyceride concentrations obtained during duodenal fat pefusion. Postprandial lipemia was diminished by the ingestion of 50 g (148 ± 121 mg · dl^-1 · 7 h^-1 vs 192 ± 124 mg · dl^-1 · 7 h^-1, P<0.05) and 100 g (104 ± 106 mg · dl^-1 · 7 h^-1 vs 171 ± 104 mg · dl^-1 · 7 h^-1, P<0.05) glucose. Peak postprandial TG concentrations occurred later after meals containing glucose and fat than after meals containing fat alone. This effect could be reproduced when an iso-osmotic quantity of urea was substituted for glucose in the test meal. Starch ingestion had no discernible effect on proprandial lipemia. Intravenous fat tolerance was similar before (4.9 ± 1.2% · min^-1) and 2 h (4.4 ± 1.3% · min^-1) and 4 h (4.8 ± 1.5% · min ^-1) after 50 g glucose ingestion. During duodenal fat perfusion, glucose ingestion caused a progressive decrease in plasma triglyceride concentrations. These data suggest that glucose ingestion diminishes postprandial lipemia in a dose-dependent manner, but that this effect is not due to increased clearance of triglyceride from the circulation. The hypotriglyceridemic effects of glucose appear to reflect delayed gastric emptying and decreased hepatic secretion of trigluceride.