Expression of the invertebrate sea urchin P16 protein into mammalian MC3T3 osteoblasts transforms and reprograms them into "osteocyte-like" cells

Agriculture & Biology

• osteoblasts 88%
• Echinoidea 77%
• invertebrates 61%
• vertebrates 44%
• mineralization 43%
• teeth 39%
• giant cells 34%
• cell structures 28%
• bones 25%
• proteins 25%
• catenins 24%
• embryogenesis 23%
• cells 23%
• amino acid sequences 21%
• osteocalcin 20%
• calcite 19%
• phosphoproteins 17%
• dendrites 17%
• transfection 16%
• genes 15%
• cultured cells 14%
• cell culture 11%
• minerals 11%
• Biological Sciences 10%
• phenotype 9%
• gene expression 9%

Medicine & Life Sciences

• Sea Urchins 100%
• Osteocytes 93%
• Invertebrates 84%
• Osteoblasts 70%
• Proteins 27%
• Vertebrates 26%
• Giant Cells 15%
• Embryonic Development 13%
• Tooth 10%
• Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein 10%
• Amino Acid Motifs 9%
• Calcium Carbonate 9%
• Catenins 9%
• Phosphoproteins 8%
• Osteocalcin 8%
• Dentin 7%
• Dendrites 7%
• Minerals 7%
• Amino Acid Sequence 6%
• Transfection 6%
• Complementary DNA 5%
• Genes 5%
• Phenotype 4%
• Gene Expression 4%
• Bone and Bones 4%
• Membranes 4%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• invertebrate 64%
• transform 57%
• protein 53%
• cell 45%
• sea 40%
• vertebrate 27%
• gene 16%
• mineralization 16%
• tooth 13%
• bone 12%
• embryogenesis 10%
• spicule 9%
• gene expression 8%
• phenotype 8%
• amino acid 6%
• calcite 6%
• fold 5%
• membrane 5%
• matrix 4%
• mineral 4%
• effect 1%