TY - JOUR
T1 - Factors Associated with Adherence to Mammography Screening Among Insured Women Differ by Income Levels
AU - Gathirua-Mwangi, Wambui
AU - Cohee, Andrea
AU - Tarver, Will L.
AU - Marley, Andrew
AU - Biederman, Erika
AU - Stump, Timothy
AU - Monahan, Patrick
AU - Rawl, Susan
AU - Skinner, Celette Sugg
AU - Champion, Victoria L.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers 5R01NR008434-03, 3R01CA196243-02S1 (Wambui), K05CA175048 (Wambui) and T32CA117865-11 (Andrew and Erika). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Tarver is supported by the VA Advanced Fellowship Program in Medical Informatics of the Office of Academic Affiliations, Department of Veterans Affairs.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018
PY - 2018/9/1
Y1 - 2018/9/1
N2 - Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality, yet mammography screening rates remain less than optimal and differ by income levels. The purpose of this study was to compare factors predicting mammography adherence across income groups. Methods: Women 41 to 75 years of age (N = 1,681) with health insurance and with no mammogram in the last 15 months were enrolled to participate in an interventional study. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for demographic and health belief factors predicting mammography adherence for each income group: 1) low, less than $30,000, 2) middle, $30,000 to 75,000, and 3) high, greater than $75,000 per year. Results: Being in the contemplation stage (vs. precontemplation) of obtaining a mammogram predicted mammography adherence across all income groups and was the only predictor in the middle-income group (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.61–5.89). Increase in age was associated with 5% increase (per year increase in age) in mammography adherence for low-income (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.09) and high-income (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.08) women. Having a doctor recommendation predicted mammography adherence only in low-income women (OR, 10.6; 95% CI, 2.33–48.26), whereas an increase in perceived barriers predicted mammography adherence only among high-income women (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99). In a post hoc analysis, high-income women reported difficulty in remembering appointments (53%) and lack of time to get a mammogram (24%) as key barriers. Conclusions: For all income groups, being in contemplation of obtaining a mammogram predicted mammography adherence; however, age predicted mammography adherence for low- and high-income groups, whereas doctor recommendation and perceived barriers were unique predictors for low- and high-income women, respectively. Health care providers should be aware of differences in factors and emphasize strategies that increase mammography adherence for each income group.
AB - Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality, yet mammography screening rates remain less than optimal and differ by income levels. The purpose of this study was to compare factors predicting mammography adherence across income groups. Methods: Women 41 to 75 years of age (N = 1,681) with health insurance and with no mammogram in the last 15 months were enrolled to participate in an interventional study. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for demographic and health belief factors predicting mammography adherence for each income group: 1) low, less than $30,000, 2) middle, $30,000 to 75,000, and 3) high, greater than $75,000 per year. Results: Being in the contemplation stage (vs. precontemplation) of obtaining a mammogram predicted mammography adherence across all income groups and was the only predictor in the middle-income group (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.61–5.89). Increase in age was associated with 5% increase (per year increase in age) in mammography adherence for low-income (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.09) and high-income (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.08) women. Having a doctor recommendation predicted mammography adherence only in low-income women (OR, 10.6; 95% CI, 2.33–48.26), whereas an increase in perceived barriers predicted mammography adherence only among high-income women (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99). In a post hoc analysis, high-income women reported difficulty in remembering appointments (53%) and lack of time to get a mammogram (24%) as key barriers. Conclusions: For all income groups, being in contemplation of obtaining a mammogram predicted mammography adherence; however, age predicted mammography adherence for low- and high-income groups, whereas doctor recommendation and perceived barriers were unique predictors for low- and high-income women, respectively. Health care providers should be aware of differences in factors and emphasize strategies that increase mammography adherence for each income group.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.whi.2018.06.001
DO - 10.1016/j.whi.2018.06.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 30098875
AN - SCOPUS:85051061490
SN - 1049-3867
VL - 28
SP - 462
EP - 469
JO - Women's Health Issues
JF - Women's Health Issues
IS - 5
ER -