Features of the Development and Analysis of Impairments to Social Behavior and Cognitive Functions in Animals with Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most widespread neurodegenerative disease in the world and produces significant adverse social-economic consequences. Despite numerous studies of the pathogenesis of this disease, its neuropathological mechanisms remain incompletely understood and current treatment methods lack sufficient efficacy. In recent decades, genetic models of Alzheimer’s disease in rodents have been used for detailed study of the molecular mechanisms of the development of this disease, this aspect being of decisive importance for its early diagnosis and effective therapy. Given the significant influence of β-amyloid on the manifestations of impairments in behavior and the development of cognitive dysfunction, this review presents the detailed characteristics of the 5xFAD transgenic mouse model as a valuable and necessary tool for studying the basic mechanisms underlying the cognitive and mental disorders in AD and their interaction with the cerebral microenvironment.