Functional genomics of the β-cell: Short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase regulates insulin secretion independent of K+ currents

Olga T Gupta, Hans E. Hohmeier, Thomas C. Becker, Elisabetta Manduchi, Nicolai M. Doliba, Rana K Gupta, Peter White, Christian J. Stoeckert, Franz M. Matschinsky, Christopher B. Newgard, Klaus H. Kaestner

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

51 Scopus citations

Abstract

Recent advances in functional genomics afford the opportunity to interrogate the expression profiles of thousands of genes simultaneously and examine the function of these genes in a high-throughput manner. In this study, we describe a rational and efficient approach to identifying novel regulators of insulin secretion by the pancreatic β-cell. Computational analysis of expression profiles of several mouse and cellular models of impaired insulin secretion identified 373 candidate genes involved in regulation of insulin secretion. Using RNA interference, we assessed the requirements of 10 of these candidates and identified four genes (40%) as being essential for normal insulin secretion. Among the genes identified was Hadhsc, which encodes short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (SCHAD), an enzyme of mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids whose mutation results in congenital hyperinsulinism. RNA interference-mediated gene suppression of Hadhsc in insulinoma cells and primary rodent islets revealed enhanced basal but normal glucosestimulated insulin secretion. This increase in basal insulin secretion was not attenuated by the opening of the KATP channel with diazoxide, suggesting that SCHAD regulates insulin secretion through a KATP channel-independent mechanism. Our results suggest a molecular explanation for the hyperinsulinemia hypoglycemic seen in patients with SCHAD deficiency.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)765-773
Number of pages9
JournalMolecular Endocrinology
Volume21
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 2007

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

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