TY - JOUR
T1 - Gamma glutamyl transferase and metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and mortality risk
T2 - The Framingham Heart Study
AU - Lee, Douglas S.
AU - Evans, Jane C.
AU - Robins, Sander J.
AU - Wilson, Peter W.
AU - Albano, Irene
AU - Fox, Caroline S.
AU - Wang, Thomas J.
AU - Benjamin, Emelia J.
AU - D'Agostino, Ralph B.
AU - Vasan, Ramachandran S.
PY - 2007/1
Y1 - 2007/1
N2 - OBJECTIVE - To determine whether serum γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, accounting for temporal changes in known CVD risk factors and C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS AND RESULTS - In 3451 Framingham Study participants (mean age 44 years, 52% women) we examined the relations of GGT with CVD risk factors, and prospectively determined the risk of new-onset metabolic syndrome, incident CVD, and death. GGT was positively associated with body mass index, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose in cross-sectional analysis (P<0.005). On follow-up (mean 19 years), 968 participants developed metabolic syndrome, 535 developed incident CVD, and 362 died. The risk of metabolic syndrome increased with higher GGT (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per SD increment log-GGT, 1.26 [95%CI; 1.18 to 1.35]). Adjusting for established CVD risk factors (as time-dependent covariates updated quadriennially) and baseline CRP, a 1-SD increase in log-GGT conferred a 13% increase in CVD risk (P=0.007) and 26% increased risk of death (P<0.001). Individuals in the highest GGT quartile experienced a 67% increase in CVD incidence (multivariable-adjusted HR 1.67, 95%CI; 1.25 to 2.22). CONCLUSION - An increase in serum GGT predicts onset of metabolic syndrome, incident CVD, and death suggesting that GGT is a marker of metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
AB - OBJECTIVE - To determine whether serum γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, accounting for temporal changes in known CVD risk factors and C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS AND RESULTS - In 3451 Framingham Study participants (mean age 44 years, 52% women) we examined the relations of GGT with CVD risk factors, and prospectively determined the risk of new-onset metabolic syndrome, incident CVD, and death. GGT was positively associated with body mass index, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose in cross-sectional analysis (P<0.005). On follow-up (mean 19 years), 968 participants developed metabolic syndrome, 535 developed incident CVD, and 362 died. The risk of metabolic syndrome increased with higher GGT (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per SD increment log-GGT, 1.26 [95%CI; 1.18 to 1.35]). Adjusting for established CVD risk factors (as time-dependent covariates updated quadriennially) and baseline CRP, a 1-SD increase in log-GGT conferred a 13% increase in CVD risk (P=0.007) and 26% increased risk of death (P<0.001). Individuals in the highest GGT quartile experienced a 67% increase in CVD incidence (multivariable-adjusted HR 1.67, 95%CI; 1.25 to 2.22). CONCLUSION - An increase in serum GGT predicts onset of metabolic syndrome, incident CVD, and death suggesting that GGT is a marker of metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Gamma glutamyl transferase
KW - Metabolic syndrome
KW - Mortality
KW - Risk factor
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U2 - 10.1161/01.ATV.0000251993.20372.40
DO - 10.1161/01.ATV.0000251993.20372.40
M3 - Article
C2 - 17095717
AN - SCOPUS:33847619687
SN - 1079-5642
VL - 27
SP - 127
EP - 133
JO - Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology
JF - Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology
IS - 1
ER -