TY - JOUR
T1 - Glatiramer acetate attenuates pro-inflammatory T cell responses but does not directly protect neurons from inflammatory cell death
AU - Herrmann, Alexander M.
AU - Göbel, Kerstin
AU - Simon, Ole J.
AU - Melzer, Nico
AU - Schuhmann, Michael K.
AU - Stenner, Max Philipp
AU - Weishaupt, Andreas
AU - Kleinschnitz, Christoph
AU - Bittner, Stefan
AU - Meuth, Patrick
AU - Stuve, Olaf
AU - Budde, Thomas
AU - Kieseier, Bernd C.
AU - Wiendl, Heinz
AU - Meuth, Sven G.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany, (BMBF), the Clinical Competence Network Multiple Sclerosis (KKNMS) and its subconsortium (UNDERSTAND MS), as well as by university grants ( IZKF Z-3/4 ) to N.M. and H.W. and ( IZKF A54-1 ) to S.G.M. and H.W. Furthermore we thank Teva for financial support and discussion.
PY - 2010/12
Y1 - 2010/12
N2 - Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a synthetic, random, basic copolymer capable of modulating adaptive T cell responses. In animal models of various inflammatory and degenerative central nervous system disorders, GA-induced T cells cross the blood-brain barrier, secrete high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins, and thus both reduce neuronal damage and promote neurogenesis. Recently, it has been suggested that GA itself may permeate the (impaired) blood-brain-barrier and directly protect neurons under conditions of inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. To test this hypothesis, we examined the direct effects of GA on neuronal functionality and T cell-mediated neuronal apoptosis in culture, acute brain slices, and focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. GA caused a depolarization of the resting membrane potential and led to an immediate impairment of action potential generation in neurons. Moreover, GA-incubated neurons underwent dose-dependent apoptosis. Apoptosis of ovalbumin peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class I-expressing neurons induced by ovalbumin-specific effector T cells could be reduced by pre-incubation of T cells, but not neurons with GA. Similar results could be found using acute brain slices. In focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, lesion size and neuronal apoptosis could be limited by pretreating rats with GA, whereas intracerebral GA application into the inflammatory lesion had no effect on neuronal survival. Our data suggest that GA attenuates adaptive pro-inflammatory T cell responses, but does not exert direct neuroprotective effects.
AB - Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a synthetic, random, basic copolymer capable of modulating adaptive T cell responses. In animal models of various inflammatory and degenerative central nervous system disorders, GA-induced T cells cross the blood-brain barrier, secrete high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins, and thus both reduce neuronal damage and promote neurogenesis. Recently, it has been suggested that GA itself may permeate the (impaired) blood-brain-barrier and directly protect neurons under conditions of inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. To test this hypothesis, we examined the direct effects of GA on neuronal functionality and T cell-mediated neuronal apoptosis in culture, acute brain slices, and focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. GA caused a depolarization of the resting membrane potential and led to an immediate impairment of action potential generation in neurons. Moreover, GA-incubated neurons underwent dose-dependent apoptosis. Apoptosis of ovalbumin peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class I-expressing neurons induced by ovalbumin-specific effector T cells could be reduced by pre-incubation of T cells, but not neurons with GA. Similar results could be found using acute brain slices. In focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, lesion size and neuronal apoptosis could be limited by pretreating rats with GA, whereas intracerebral GA application into the inflammatory lesion had no effect on neuronal survival. Our data suggest that GA attenuates adaptive pro-inflammatory T cell responses, but does not exert direct neuroprotective effects.
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U2 - 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100442
DO - 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100442
M3 - Article
C2 - 21037084
AN - SCOPUS:78650182491
SN - 0002-9440
VL - 177
SP - 3051
EP - 3060
JO - American Journal of Pathology
JF - American Journal of Pathology
IS - 6
ER -