TY - JOUR
T1 - Heart Xenotransplantation
T2 - Historical Background, Experimental Progress, and Clinical Prospects
AU - Murthy, Raghav
AU - Bajona, Pietro
AU - Bhama, Jay K.
AU - Cooper, David K C
N1 - Funding Information:
Work on xenotransplantation in the Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute at the University of Pittsburgh has been supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants U01 AI068642, R21 AI074844, and U19 AI090959 and by Sponsored Research Agreements between the University of Pittsburgh and Revivicor, Inc, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Funding Information:
Work on xenotransplantation in the Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute at the University of Pittsburgh has been supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants U01 AI068642, R21 AI074844, and U19 AI090959 and by Sponsored Research Agreements between the University of Pittsburgh and Revivicor, Inc, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.
PY - 2016/4/1
Y1 - 2016/4/1
N2 - If pig hearts could be transplanted successfully into patients with end-stage cardiac failure, the critical shortage of hearts from deceased human donors would be overcome. The several attempts at cardiac xenotransplantation carried out in the 20th century, usually with hearts from nonhuman primates (NHPs), are reviewed, as are the surgical techniques used in experimental heart transplantation in animals. For a number of reasons, the pig has been selected as the potential source of organs for clinical transplantation. The major pathobiological barriers that the pig presents, and progress in overcoming these barriers either by genetic engineering of the pig or by the administration of novel immunosuppressive agents, are described. Currently, non-life-supporting pig heterotopic heart transplantation in NHPs has extended to more than 2 years in 1 case, with life-supporting orthotopic heart transplantation of almost 2 months. Future approaches to resolve the remaining problems and the selection of patients for the initial clinical trials are briefly discussed.
AB - If pig hearts could be transplanted successfully into patients with end-stage cardiac failure, the critical shortage of hearts from deceased human donors would be overcome. The several attempts at cardiac xenotransplantation carried out in the 20th century, usually with hearts from nonhuman primates (NHPs), are reviewed, as are the surgical techniques used in experimental heart transplantation in animals. For a number of reasons, the pig has been selected as the potential source of organs for clinical transplantation. The major pathobiological barriers that the pig presents, and progress in overcoming these barriers either by genetic engineering of the pig or by the administration of novel immunosuppressive agents, are described. Currently, non-life-supporting pig heterotopic heart transplantation in NHPs has extended to more than 2 years in 1 case, with life-supporting orthotopic heart transplantation of almost 2 months. Future approaches to resolve the remaining problems and the selection of patients for the initial clinical trials are briefly discussed.
KW - Abbreviations and Acronyms CRP complement regulatory protein
KW - GTKO α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout
KW - Gal galactose-α1,3-galactose
KW - NHP nonhuman primate
KW - NeuGc N-glycolylneuraminic acid
KW - TBM thrombomodulin
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U2 - 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017
DO - 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26785937
AN - SCOPUS:84961215241
SN - 0003-4975
VL - 101
SP - 1605
EP - 1613
JO - Annals of Thoracic Surgery
JF - Annals of Thoracic Surgery
IS - 4
ER -