TY - JOUR
T1 - HUMAN TEMPERATURE REGULATION UNDER HEAT STRESS IN HEALTH, DISEASE, AND INJURY
AU - Cramer, Matthew N.
AU - Gagnon, Daniel
AU - Laitano, Orlando
AU - Crandall, Craig G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, American Physiological Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/10
Y1 - 2022/10
N2 - The human body constantly exchanges heat with the environment. Temperature regulation is a homeostatic feedback control system that ensures deep body temperature is maintained within narrow limits despite wide variations in environmental conditions and activity-related elevations in metabolic heat production. Extensive research has been performed to study the physiological regulation of deep body temperature. This review focuses on healthy and disordered human temperature regulation during heat stress. Central to this discussion is the notion that various morphological features, intrinsic factors, diseases, and injuries independently and inter-actively influence deep body temperature during exercise and/or exposure to hot ambient temperatures. The first sections review fundamental aspects of the human heat stress response, including the biophysical princi- ples governing heat balance and the autonomic control of heat loss thermoeffectors. Next, we discuss the effects of different intrinsic factors (morphology, heat adaptation, biological sex, and age), diseases (neurologi- cal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and genetic), and injuries (spinal cord injury, deep burns, and heat stroke), with emphasis on the mechanisms by which these factors enhance or disturb the regulation of deep body tempera- ture during heat stress. We conclude with key unanswered questions in this field of research.
AB - The human body constantly exchanges heat with the environment. Temperature regulation is a homeostatic feedback control system that ensures deep body temperature is maintained within narrow limits despite wide variations in environmental conditions and activity-related elevations in metabolic heat production. Extensive research has been performed to study the physiological regulation of deep body temperature. This review focuses on healthy and disordered human temperature regulation during heat stress. Central to this discussion is the notion that various morphological features, intrinsic factors, diseases, and injuries independently and inter-actively influence deep body temperature during exercise and/or exposure to hot ambient temperatures. The first sections review fundamental aspects of the human heat stress response, including the biophysical princi- ples governing heat balance and the autonomic control of heat loss thermoeffectors. Next, we discuss the effects of different intrinsic factors (morphology, heat adaptation, biological sex, and age), diseases (neurologi- cal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and genetic), and injuries (spinal cord injury, deep burns, and heat stroke), with emphasis on the mechanisms by which these factors enhance or disturb the regulation of deep body tempera- ture during heat stress. We conclude with key unanswered questions in this field of research.
KW - Core temperature
KW - Environment
KW - Exercise
KW - Skin blood flow
KW - Sweating
KW - Vasodilation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137009403&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85137009403&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1152/PHYSREV.00047.2021
DO - 10.1152/PHYSREV.00047.2021
M3 - Article
C2 - 35679471
AN - SCOPUS:85137009403
SN - 0031-9333
VL - 102
SP - 1907
EP - 1989
JO - Physiological reviews
JF - Physiological reviews
IS - 4
ER -