Hypoxic preconditioning promotes the translocation of protein kinase C ε binding with caveolin-3 at cell membrane not mitochondrial in rat heart

Protein kinase C has been shown to play a central role in the cardioprotection of ischemic preconditioning. However, the mechanism underlying PKC-mediated cardioprotection is not completely understood. Given that caveolae are critical for PKC signaling, we sought to determine whether hypoxic preconditioning promotes translocation and association of PKC isoforms with caveolin-3. A cellular model of hypoxic preconditioning from adult rat cardiac myocytes (ARCM) or H9c2 cells was employed to examine PKC isoforms by molecular, biochemical and cellular imaging analysis. Hypoxia was induced by incubating the cells in an airtight chamber in which O₂ was replaced by N₂ with glucose-free Tyrode’s solution. Cells were subjected to hypoxic preconditioning with 10 minutes of hypoxia followed by 30 minutes of reoxygenation. Western blot data indicated that the band intensity for PKCe, PKCdor PKCa, but not PKCb and PKCz was enhanced significantly by hypoxic preconditioning from the caveolin-enriched plasma membrane interactions. Immunoprecipitation experiments from the caveolin-enriched membrane fractions of ARCM showed that the level of PKCe, PKCdor PKCa in the anti-caveolin-3 immunoprecipitates was also increased by hypoxic preconditioning. Further, our FRET analysis in H9c2 cells suggested that there is a minimum FRET signal for caveolin-3 and PKCe along cell peripherals, but hypoxic preconditioning enhanced the FRET signal, indicating a potential interaction between caveolin-3 and PKCe. And also treatment of the cells with hypoxic preconditioning led to a smaller amount of translocation of PKCe to the mitochondria than that to the membrane. We demonstrate that hypoxic preconditioning promotes rapid association of PKCe, PKCd and PKCa with the caveolin-enriched plasma membrane microdomain of cardiac myocytes, and PKCe via direct molecular interaction with caveolin-3. This regulatory mechanism may play an important role in cardioprotection.