Abstract
There is a need for biomarkers to monitor the development and progression of type 1 DM. We analyzed mRNA expression levels for granzyme B, perforin, fas ligand, TNF-αalpha;, IFN-γgamma;, Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-βbeta;, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and Immunoglobulin G gamma chain (IgG<gamma>) genes in peripheral blood of at-risk, new-onset and long-term type 1 DM , and healthy controls. The majority of the genes were suppressed in long-term type 1 DM compared to controls and new-onset patients. IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA levels were significantly higher in new-onset compared to at-risk and long-term groups. There was decreased mRNA expression for AID and IgG<gamma> and up-regulation of IFN-γ with age in controls. Data suggest an overall depressed immunity in long-term type 1 DM. Increased gene expression levels for IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in new-onset patients from at-risk patients might be used as potential markers for progression of the disease.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 290-301 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Clinical Immunology |
Volume | 139 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 2011 |
Keywords
- Age
- Biomarkers
- Cytokines
- Cytotoxic lymphocyte genes
- Gene expression
- Type 1 diabetes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy
- Immunology