Inhibition of glucose-stimulated activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 by epinephrine in pancreatic β-cells

Glucose sensing is essential for the ability of pancreatic β-cells to produce insulin in sufficient quantities to maintain blood glucose within the normal range. Stress causes the release of adrenergic hormones that increase circulating glucose by promoting glucose production and inhibiting insulin release. We have shown that extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are responsive to glucose in pancreatic β-cells and that glucose activates ERK1/2 by mechanisms independent of insulin. Here we show that glucose-induced activation of ERK1/2 is inhibited by epinephrine through the α₂-adrenergic receptor. Epinephrine and the selective 2-adrenergic agonist UK14304 reduced insulin secretion and glucose-stimulated ERK1/2 activation in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner, implicating the subunit of a Gi family member α₂-adrenergic agonists also reduced stimulation of ERK1/2 by glucagon-like peptide 1 and KCl, but not by phorbol ester or nerve growth factor. Our findings suggest that 2-adrenergic agonists act via a Gi family member on early steps in ERK1/2 activation, supporting the idea that ERK1/2 are regulated in a manner that reflects insulin demand.