Injectable microbubbles as contrast agents for diagnostic ultrasound imaging: The key role of perfluorochemicals

Ernest G. Schutt, David H. Klein, Robert M. Mattrey, Jean G. Riess

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

468 Scopus citations

Abstract

Ultrasonography has, until recently, lacked effective contrast-enhancing agents. Micrometer-sized gas bubbles that resonate at a diagnostic frequency are ideal reflectors for ultrasound. However, simple air bubbles, when injected into the blood stream, disappear within seconds through the combined effects of Laplace pressure, blood pressure, and exposure to ultrasound energy. Use of fluoro-carbon apor, by extending the persistence of microbubbles in vivo from seconds to minutes, propelled contrast ultrasonography into clinical practice. Imaging techniques that selectively suppress tissue, but not microbubble signal, further increase image contrast. Approved products consist of C3F8 of SF6 microbubbles, and N2 microbubbles osmotically stabilized with C6F14. These agents allow the detection and characterization of cardiovascular abnormalities and solid organ lesions, such as tumors. By providing higher quality images, they improve the accuracy and confidence of disease diagnosis, and can play a decisive role in clinical decision making. New objectives include agents that target specific cells for the molecular imaging of disease, and drug and gene delivery, including ultrasound-triggered delivery.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)3218-3235
Number of pages18
JournalAngewandte Chemie - International Edition
Volume42
Issue number28
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 28 2003

Keywords

  • Agents
  • Diagnostic imaging
  • Medicinal chemistry
  • Microbubble stabilization
  • Perfluorocarbons
  • Sound contrast
  • Ultra

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Catalysis
  • General Chemistry

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