TY - JOUR
T1 - Innate immune sensing and its roots
T2 - The story of endotoxin
AU - Beutler, Bruce
AU - Rietschel, Ernst Th
N1 - Funding Information:
B.B. is supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health and by a grant from the Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA). E.Th.R. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. We thank I. Bendt, C. Alexander and G. Müller for typing this manuscript and for photographical work. We further thank A. Neschke for help in translating the Latin text of FIG. 1. This article is dedicated to our colleague and friend Jack Levin, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Endotoxin Research, on the occasion of his 70th birthday (11 October 2002).
PY - 2003/2
Y1 - 2003/2
N2 - How does the host sense pathogens? Our present concepts grew directly from longstanding efforts to understand infectious disease: how microbes harm the host, what molecules are sensed and, ultimately, the nature of the receptors that the host uses. The discovery of the host sensors - the Toll-like receptors - was rooted in chemical, biological and genetic analyses that centred on a bacterial poison, termed endotoxin.
AB - How does the host sense pathogens? Our present concepts grew directly from longstanding efforts to understand infectious disease: how microbes harm the host, what molecules are sensed and, ultimately, the nature of the receptors that the host uses. The discovery of the host sensors - the Toll-like receptors - was rooted in chemical, biological and genetic analyses that centred on a bacterial poison, termed endotoxin.
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U2 - 10.1038/nri1004
DO - 10.1038/nri1004
M3 - Review article
C2 - 12563300
AN - SCOPUS:0037317763
SN - 1474-1733
VL - 3
SP - 169
EP - 176
JO - Nature Reviews Immunology
JF - Nature Reviews Immunology
IS - 2
ER -