Insulin resistance in Hispanic large-for-gestational-age neonates at birth

Jennifer Shine Dyer, Charles R. Rosenfeld, Julie Rice, Mark Rice, Dana S. Hardin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

40 Scopus citations

Abstract

Content: Intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes and large size at birth are known risk factors for the subsequent development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Although Hispanic youth have been shown to have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, it is unknown whether metabolic abnormalities and a predisposition for glucose intolerance are present at birth. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether abnormalities in insulin sensitivity exist at or soon after birth in large-for-gestational-age neonates born to Hispanic women with and without gestational diabetes. Design/Patients/Setting: Forty-two term Hispanic neonates were enrolled for cross-sectional studies at 24-48 h after birth and included nine large-for-gestational-age neonates delivered of women with gestational diabetes (large-for-gestational-age-IDM), 12 large-for-gestational-age but not IDM neonates, 11 poorly grown (at the fifth to 10th percentile), and 10 appropriate-for-gestational-age neonates. Insulin sensitivity and secretion were measured by shortened fasting iv glucose tolerance test. Main Outcome Measure: Insulin sensitivity index was measured within 48 h of birth. Results: Neonates were studied at 36 ± 11 h postnatally, and all groups were euglycemic at the time of study. However, insulin sensitivity was significantly lower (P < 0.05, ANOVA) in large-for-gestational-age-IDM [3.0 ± 0.7 (SEM) mU/liter·min] and large-for-gestational-age-non-IDM (2.2 ± 0.4 mU/liter·min) cohorts in comparison with poorly grown (5.0 ± 0.7 mU/liter·min) and appropriate-for-gestational-age controls (5.4 ± 0.8 mU/liter·min). Insulin secretion did not differ between groups. Conclusions: Reduced insulin sensitivity is present soon after birth in Hispanic large-for-gestational-age neonates born to mothers with and without gestational diabetes, demonstrating the onset of insulin resistance before birth and evidence of altered fetal programming.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)3836-3843
Number of pages8
JournalJournal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume92
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2007

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Biochemistry, medical

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