TY - JOUR
T1 - Interference with function of a homeobox gene in Xenopus embryos produces malformations of the anterior spinal cord
AU - Wright, Christopher V E
AU - Cho, Ken W Y
AU - Hardwicke, Jane
AU - Collins, Robert H.
AU - De Robertis, Eddy M.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Cheng Ming Chuong for the gift of the anti-N-CAM antibodies. We thank Larry Tabata for excellent photographic assistance, and L. Zipursky, S. Crews, B. Blumberg. and D. Bittner for critical comments on the manuscript. C. V. E. W. is an American Cancer Society (California Division) Senior Fellow. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (HD 21502-04).
PY - 1989/10/6
Y1 - 1989/10/6
N2 - XIHbox 1 is expressed in a narrow band across the cervical region of Xenopus embryos. The gene produces two related proteins: "long" and "short" XIHbox 1 homeodomain proteins. Injection of antibodies to the long XIHbox 1 protein into 1-cell embryos caused a phenotype in which the anterior spinal cord was morphologically transformed into a hindbrain-like structure. This alteration was restricted to the region normally expressing long XIHbox 1 protein. Injection of long protein mRNA disrupted segmentation and tissue organization without inhibiting cell proliferation. Injection of short protein mRNA into 1-cell embryos produced spinal cord malformations similar, but not identical, to those caused by the antibodies, suggesting antagonistic roles for long and short XIHbox 1 proteins. We immunostained tadpoles carrying extended hindbrains for N-CAM and consistently found defective organization of spinal nerves over the affected region.
AB - XIHbox 1 is expressed in a narrow band across the cervical region of Xenopus embryos. The gene produces two related proteins: "long" and "short" XIHbox 1 homeodomain proteins. Injection of antibodies to the long XIHbox 1 protein into 1-cell embryos caused a phenotype in which the anterior spinal cord was morphologically transformed into a hindbrain-like structure. This alteration was restricted to the region normally expressing long XIHbox 1 protein. Injection of long protein mRNA disrupted segmentation and tissue organization without inhibiting cell proliferation. Injection of short protein mRNA into 1-cell embryos produced spinal cord malformations similar, but not identical, to those caused by the antibodies, suggesting antagonistic roles for long and short XIHbox 1 proteins. We immunostained tadpoles carrying extended hindbrains for N-CAM and consistently found defective organization of spinal nerves over the affected region.
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U2 - 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90871-4
DO - 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90871-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 2477158
AN - SCOPUS:0024436103
SN - 0092-8674
VL - 59
SP - 81
EP - 93
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
IS - 1
ER -