TY - JOUR
T1 - Intraretinal leakage and oxidation of LDL in diabetic retinopathy
AU - Wu, Mingyuan
AU - Chen, Ying
AU - Wilson, Kenneth
AU - Chirindel, Alin
AU - Ihnat, Michael A.
AU - Yu, Yongxin
AU - Boulton, Michael E.
AU - Szweda, Luke I.
AU - Ma, Jian Xing
AU - Lyons, Timothy J.
PY - 2008/6
Y1 - 2008/6
N2 - PURPOSE. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is not fully understood. Clinical studies suggest that dyslipidemia is associated with the initiation and progression of DR. However, no direct evidence supports this theory. METHODS. Immunostaining of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100, a marker of low-density lipoprotein [LDL]), macrophages, and oxidized LDL was performed in retinal sections from four different groups of subjects: nondiabetic, type 2 diabetic without clinical retinopathy, diabetic with moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and diabetic with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Apoptosis was characterized using the TUNEL assay. In addition, in cell culture studies using in vitro-modified LDL, the induction of apoptosis by heavily oxidized-glycated LDL (HOG-LDL) in human retinal capillary pericytes (HRCPs) was assessed. RESULTS. Intraretinal immunofluorescence of ApoB100 increased with the severity of DR. Macrophages were prominent only in sections from diabetic patients with PDR. Merged images revealed that ApoB100 partially colocalized with macrophages. Intraretinal oxidized LDL was absent in nondiabetic subjects but present in all three diabetic groups, increasing with the severity of DR. TUNEL-positive cells were present in retinas from diabetic subjects but absent in those from nondiabetic subjects. In cell culture, HOG-LDL induced the activation of caspase, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in HRCPs. CONCLUSIONS. These findings suggest a potentially important role for extravasated, modified LDL in promoting DR by promoting apoptotic pericyte loss.
AB - PURPOSE. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is not fully understood. Clinical studies suggest that dyslipidemia is associated with the initiation and progression of DR. However, no direct evidence supports this theory. METHODS. Immunostaining of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100, a marker of low-density lipoprotein [LDL]), macrophages, and oxidized LDL was performed in retinal sections from four different groups of subjects: nondiabetic, type 2 diabetic without clinical retinopathy, diabetic with moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and diabetic with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Apoptosis was characterized using the TUNEL assay. In addition, in cell culture studies using in vitro-modified LDL, the induction of apoptosis by heavily oxidized-glycated LDL (HOG-LDL) in human retinal capillary pericytes (HRCPs) was assessed. RESULTS. Intraretinal immunofluorescence of ApoB100 increased with the severity of DR. Macrophages were prominent only in sections from diabetic patients with PDR. Merged images revealed that ApoB100 partially colocalized with macrophages. Intraretinal oxidized LDL was absent in nondiabetic subjects but present in all three diabetic groups, increasing with the severity of DR. TUNEL-positive cells were present in retinas from diabetic subjects but absent in those from nondiabetic subjects. In cell culture, HOG-LDL induced the activation of caspase, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in HRCPs. CONCLUSIONS. These findings suggest a potentially important role for extravasated, modified LDL in promoting DR by promoting apoptotic pericyte loss.
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U2 - 10.1167/iovs.07-1440
DO - 10.1167/iovs.07-1440
M3 - Article
C2 - 18362112
AN - SCOPUS:47249104206
SN - 0146-0404
VL - 49
SP - 2679
EP - 2685
JO - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
JF - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
IS - 6
ER -