TY - CHAP
T1 - Introduction to the Clock System
AU - Cox, Kimberly H.
AU - Takahashi, Joseph S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Circadian (24-h) rhythms dictate almost everything we do, setting our clocks for specific times of sleeping and eating, as well as optimal times for many other basic functions. The physiological systems that coordinate circadian rhythms are intricate, but at their core, they all can be distilled down to cell-autonomous rhythms that are then synchronized within and among tissues. At first glance, these cell-autonomous rhythms may seem rather straight-forward, but years of research in the field has shown that they are strikingly complex, responding to many different external signals, often with remarkable tissue-specificity. To understand the cellular clock system, it is important to be familiar with the major players, which consist of pairs of proteins in a triad of transcriptional/translational feedback loops. In this chapter, we will go through each of the core protein pairs one-by-one, summarizing the literature as to their regulation and their broader impacts on circadian gene expression. We will conclude by briefly examining the human genetics literature, as well as providing perspectives on the future of the study of the molecular clock.
AB - Circadian (24-h) rhythms dictate almost everything we do, setting our clocks for specific times of sleeping and eating, as well as optimal times for many other basic functions. The physiological systems that coordinate circadian rhythms are intricate, but at their core, they all can be distilled down to cell-autonomous rhythms that are then synchronized within and among tissues. At first glance, these cell-autonomous rhythms may seem rather straight-forward, but years of research in the field has shown that they are strikingly complex, responding to many different external signals, often with remarkable tissue-specificity. To understand the cellular clock system, it is important to be familiar with the major players, which consist of pairs of proteins in a triad of transcriptional/translational feedback loops. In this chapter, we will go through each of the core protein pairs one-by-one, summarizing the literature as to their regulation and their broader impacts on circadian gene expression. We will conclude by briefly examining the human genetics literature, as well as providing perspectives on the future of the study of the molecular clock.
KW - Cell-autonomous
KW - Circadian rhythms
KW - Core clock
KW - Feedback loops
KW - Molecular clock
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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_1
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_1
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 34773223
AN - SCOPUS:85119125306
T3 - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
SP - 3
EP - 20
BT - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
PB - Springer
ER -