TY - JOUR
T1 - Leptin regulation of neuroendocrine systems
AU - Ahima, Rexford S.
AU - Saper, Clifford B.
AU - Flier, Jeffrey S.
AU - Elmquist, Joel K.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by USPHS Grants NS33987, DK53301, DK56149, DK48506, and DKR3728082, and by University of Pennsylvania startup funds (R.S.A) and also by research support from Eli Lilly and Co. (J.S.F. and J.K.E.).
PY - 2000/7
Y1 - 2000/7
N2 - The discovery of leptin has enhanced understanding of the interrelationship between adipose energy stores and neuronal circuits in the brain involved in energy balance and regulation of the neuroendocrine axis. Leptin levels are dependent on the status of fat stores as well as changes in energy balance as a result of fasting and overfeeding. Although leptin was initially thought to serve mainly as an anti-satiety hormone, recent studies have shown that it mediates the adaptation to fasting. Furthermore, leptin has been implicated in the regulation of the reproductive, thyroid, growth hormone, and adrenal axes, independent of its role in energy balance. Although it is widely known that leptin acts on hypothalamic neuronal targets to regulate energy balance and neuroendocrine function, the specific neuronal populations mediating leptin action on feeding behavior and autonomic and neuroendocrine function are not well understood. In this review, we have discussed how leptin engages arcuate hypothalamic neurons expressing putative orexigenic peptides, e.g., neuropeptide Y and agouti-regulated peptide, and anorexigenic peptides, e.g., pro-opiomelanocortin (precursor of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. We show that leptin's effects on energy balance and the neuroendocrine axis are mediated by projections to other hypothalamic nuclei, e.g., paraventricular, lateral, and perifornical areas, as well as other sites in the brainstem, spinal cord, and cortical and subcortical regions. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
AB - The discovery of leptin has enhanced understanding of the interrelationship between adipose energy stores and neuronal circuits in the brain involved in energy balance and regulation of the neuroendocrine axis. Leptin levels are dependent on the status of fat stores as well as changes in energy balance as a result of fasting and overfeeding. Although leptin was initially thought to serve mainly as an anti-satiety hormone, recent studies have shown that it mediates the adaptation to fasting. Furthermore, leptin has been implicated in the regulation of the reproductive, thyroid, growth hormone, and adrenal axes, independent of its role in energy balance. Although it is widely known that leptin acts on hypothalamic neuronal targets to regulate energy balance and neuroendocrine function, the specific neuronal populations mediating leptin action on feeding behavior and autonomic and neuroendocrine function are not well understood. In this review, we have discussed how leptin engages arcuate hypothalamic neurons expressing putative orexigenic peptides, e.g., neuropeptide Y and agouti-regulated peptide, and anorexigenic peptides, e.g., pro-opiomelanocortin (precursor of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. We show that leptin's effects on energy balance and the neuroendocrine axis are mediated by projections to other hypothalamic nuclei, e.g., paraventricular, lateral, and perifornical areas, as well as other sites in the brainstem, spinal cord, and cortical and subcortical regions. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
KW - Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus
KW - Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
KW - Feeding
KW - OB protein
KW - Obesity
KW - Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0033944070&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0033944070&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1006/frne.2000.0197
DO - 10.1006/frne.2000.0197
M3 - Article
C2 - 10882542
AN - SCOPUS:0033944070
SN - 0091-3022
VL - 21
SP - 263
EP - 307
JO - Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
JF - Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
IS - 3
ER -